tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11863871395356610272024-03-13T13:20:55.278-07:00How to write a synthesis essayGood Economic Topics To Write Essaycaitlinbennett32http://www.blogger.com/profile/04223997900004155790noreply@blogger.comBlogger63125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1186387139535661027.post-85581961999452561862020-08-26T10:49:00.001-07:002020-08-26T10:49:07.822-07:00Prohibiting smoking in public places Research PaperDisallowing smoking out in the open spots - Research Paper Example The legitimate framework ought to manage smoking in broad daylight puts by precluding it,and by thoroughly implementing the ban.Murder,robbery,aggressive actions,sale of medications that are viewed as dangerous,overt sexual acts,unauthorized utilization of explosives,transport of poisonous materials,and numerous other possibly hazardous or hostile activities are carefully controlled or completely restricted openly puts. Cigarettes are perilous and hostile to those individuals who are uncovered in broad daylight places. The term, ââ¬Å"in public,â⬠infers shared space. It must be viewed as that there are sick individuals, babies and youngsters, pregnant ladies, old individuals, important and contributing citizenry, creatures, winged creatures, creepy crawlies, trees, plants, and air in that common space. All are powerless against sullying and harming by poisons discharged in tobacco smoke. It is the reason and obligation of the legitimate framework to ensure individuals in share d space, just as to maintain the insurances guaranteed in the US Constitution and the Bill of Rights. Recycled smoke is harming and ailment initiating. Casualties are automatically uncovered, and many have no voice or social impact to battle against this foul play. Newborn children and kids, for instance, can't willfully leave a smoke-filled region, yet are helpless before grown-up decisions. It is realized that the impacts of recycled smoke on kids places them in danger of creating incessant colds, asthma, hacks that don't leave, ear diseases, hypertension, learning and conduct challenges (The Cleveland Clinic). Individuals who work in eateries or other help related enterprises, where they are every now and again presented to recycled smoke, are another high hazard bunch with no genuine decision to stop presentation, on the off chance that they leave the zone, they chance losing business and pay. On the off chance that they remain, they routinely assimilate cancer-causing agents an d different smoking-related poisons into their body, expanding their danger of lung malignant growth, coronary illness, asthma, emphysema, eye and nose bothering (The Cleveland Clinic). Smoking cigarettes is possibly deadly. Since it is deliberate, it very well may be viewed as a demonstration of moderate movement self destruction. At the point when a smoker smokes, out in the open space, he/she is playing out an open demonstration of implosion, saw by kids, youngsters, and other sincerely naive individuals. It is a sickening demonstration, a more slow passing than getting oneââ¬â¢s body ablaze, in dissent, or hopping off a high rise, however alarming in any case. Acculturated individuals, who decide to slaughter themselves, ought to do as such in private, not request observers. This contention has merit absolutely on the grounds that the normal individual is educated about the possibly deadly outcomes of smoking. The demonstration of smoking raises symbolism, in light of genuine data in the brains of educated observer. The observer comprehends that smoking can prompt coronary episodes, strokes, and lung disease. The observer has seen instances of yellow teeth and yellowed nails on a smoker. The observer has smelled the stale fragrance hanging in a smokerââ¬â¢s hair, house, and attire. Maybe the observer grieves the demise of a friend or family member, lost to the outcomes of smoking. The observer is automatically stood up to by this symbolism, when a smoker illuminates in shared space. On the off chance that the common space is a café, the observer endures harm to a sound craving. On the off chance that the observer has asthma, or other respiratory sickness, the smoker carelessly offends anotherââ¬â¢s wellbeing condition. On the off chance that the common space incorporates pregnant ladies, their unborn kids are likewise imperiled, alongside the moms to-be. Alongside the pregnant lady, the hatchling comes into higher danger of creating lung malignan t growth, emphysema, coronary illness, hypersensitivities and asthma (The Cleveland Clinic). On the off chance that the common space is an open occasion, consideration is coercively re-coordinated to the smoker. On the off chance that the mutual space is a congregation lobby or parking garage, the observer may endure offense to his/her confidence. In the event that the common space is a recreation center, the magnificence of association with nature is undermined. The smoker sets a terrible caitlinbennett32http://www.blogger.com/profile/04223997900004155790noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1186387139535661027.post-38920498660774779712020-08-22T07:56:00.001-07:002020-08-22T07:56:24.472-07:00Interpersonal Communication Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 wordsRelational Communication Report - Essay Example In any case, the utilization of overwhelming slang can once in a while represent a trouble in getting a message precisely. I need to concede that my answers were determined and safe. They are my folks so I must be conscious and my answers ought to be steady with what they need to hear. In the event that I truly voice out my supposition, I am worried about the possibility that that it will simply wind up in contention simply like the past converation we had. To guardians who utilizes an alternate setting, it is by all accounts hard to get messages opposite a teenagersââ¬â¢ purpose of view.I like being with my folks yet some of the time our discussions makes me think a great deal. It was a common young discussion that is described by a light and jaunty sort of talk with scarcely any trade of chitchats. We discussed who is alluring in school and what is ââ¬Å"inâ⬠and what is ââ¬Å"outâ⬠. The fundamental test in this sort of collaboration is that it is casual to such an extent that occasionally the discussions has no substance to get messages over. This sort of discussion can be fun particularly to an adolescent like me however getting significant message across can be some of the time pointless on the grounds that it will simply be derided. My sister requested that I go with her in the shopping center to purchase something which I did. I figured it will be only a brisk outing since she will simply purchase something that she needs. We wound up scouring the entire for a shop that I comprehend and she wound up purchasing something that was not so much proposed to be purchased. We contended and I don't have a clue how to cause my sister to comprehend that it isn't important to visit the entire shopping center just to purchase a couple of dress. Young ladies can in some cases hard to comprehend and converse with. I donââ¬â¢t do well chatting with young ladies particularly when they talk about shopping and different things that interests caitlinbennett32http://www.blogger.com/profile/04223997900004155790noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1186387139535661027.post-65244191115674628472020-08-18T09:40:00.001-07:002020-08-18T09:40:03.361-07:00Scathing Book Reviews Of 2019 Critical Linking, January 1, 2020Scathing Book Reviews Of 2019 Critical Linking, January 1, 2020 Critical Linking, a daily roundup of the most interesting bookish links from around the web is sponsored by our $50 Barnes and Noble gift card giveaway! Enter here. As longtime devotees will know, for one day and one day only here at Book Marksâ"a wholesome and benevolent institution dedicated to helping readers find the books theyâll love by spotlighting the best in contemporary literary criticismâ"we your friendly neighborhood book review aggregators put on our black hats and seek out the most deliciously virulent literary take-downs of the past twelve months. Itâs a ritual blood-letting exercise carried out in an effort appease the Literary Gods, thereby guaranteeing a good book review harvest in the year to come, and we take it very seriously. Claws out, drama high, heres a roundup of scathing book reviews in 2019. Who would have thought that an 1883 essay with the dry-as-dust title âA Problem in Greek Ethics could create such a stir? A curator at Johns Hopkins University recently stumbled across an extremely rare copy of the 19th-century essay by John Addington Symonds that helped lay the foundation for the modern gay rights movement â" a copy that for more than 130 years was thought to be lost. It is now on view at the university, along with some letters, photographs and copies of books from Symondsâ library. I love a found-book story. Starting January 1, the audiobook version of âThe Martianâ is no longer be the R.C. Bray version and is now be a version recorded by the lovely and talented Wil Wheaton. This has led to my inbox looking something like this: ⢠Hey, whereâs the R.C. Bray version? ⢠WTF? What happened to R.C. Bray!? I liked him. Youâre stupid. ⢠Andy, your anal-itch cream of the month subscription is about to run out. Renew now for a discount. ⢠I curse you and your bloodline for a thousand generations! ⢠why is worf reading the martian? wtf, bro? So I figure an explanation is in order. The short answer is: Complicated rights stuff. An explanation on the change in The Martian audiobookâ"but also a look behind the curtain on how audiobook publishing contracts work (or dont). Sign up to Today In Books to receive daily news and miscellany from the world of books. caitlinbennett32http://www.blogger.com/profile/04223997900004155790noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1186387139535661027.post-58997900323717391522020-05-24T09:06:00.001-07:002020-05-24T09:06:05.775-07:00To Kill a Mockingbird Research Paper - 1455 Words Moral Development of Scout in To Kill a Mockingbird Grace Mahoney Majewski 6/8/2012 Moral Development of Scout in To Kill a Mockingbird * Scoutââ¬â¢s moral development throughout To Kill a Mockingbird has to do with how she is taught to see ââ¬Å"the otherâ⬠, her exposure to racism and injustice, and that she had Atticus as a parent to guide her through her childhood. These factors together create a stable learning environment for Scout to grow and develop in. Scouts relationship with the constant adults in her life helps to shape who she becomes. Her father is a big role model for her and she looks up to him immensely. Her housekeeper, Calpurnia, is also a teacher for her. She teaches her about things in the kitchen and basic things aboutâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Also, because he is always in his house his body is not very physically fit so to save Scout and Jem and kill Bob Ewell must have been very tiring. He demonstrates great self-sacrifice, bravery, and courage. Scout witnessed Heck Tateââ¬â¢s decision to lie, and say that Bob Ewell fell on hi s knife rather then tell everyone that Boo killed him. She did not fully understand it at the time, but the as the narrator is older Scout, she understands it eventually. After that, she walks Boo home. Scout stands on his porch and is able to see the neighborhood from his perspective, climbing into his skin and walking around in it, as Atticus said. She is able to see a piece of his life, and her being able to do this at 6 years old is extraordinary, and shows how much she has grown up. When Scout meets Dolphus Raymond, she goes through a big learning experience. He tells her how he is married to a black woman and has children with her, and that the town cannot accept this. To make the situation more acceptable, he pretends to be a drunkard so that people are able to think, oh, he is a drunk so it does not matter what he does. They are not able to comprehend that he actually wants to live that way. But when Dolphus talks to Scout and Dill about it, they are able to understand and e ven empathize with him. They could see past the racism that the rest of the townShow MoreRelatedResearch Paper On To Kill A Mockingbird2041 Words à |à 9 PagesJudicial Process Course Paper For my paper, I have chosen to analyze the movie ââ¬Å"To Kill a Mockingbird.â⬠This movie is based on the novel ââ¬â by the same name ââ¬â written by Harper Lee. The story has two major plotlines. One follows Jem, Scout, and Dill as they try to uncover the secrets behind the infamous ââ¬Å"Booâ⬠Radley. Itââ¬â¢s only at the end of the movie that we learn ââ¬Å"Booââ¬â¢sâ⬠real name to be Arthur, and that we discover he actually tries to protect people, as he saved Jem and Scoutââ¬â¢s lives. The otherRead MoreRole Of Women During The 1930 S South And The Women 1156 Words à |à 5 PagesRole of Women in the 1930ââ¬â¢s South And the Women in To Kill a Mockingbird How would you feel if you were a woman that lived in the harsh 1930ââ¬â¢s? A womanââ¬â¢s life was very hard, and some people wanted it to change in real life and the book. Scout and the married women in To Kill a Mockingbird are pushed by the men to work hard everywhere without a reward. Women had many responsibilities at home and also when they were working. Women were expected to be a housewife and working parent. Women believedRead MoreAnalysis Of More Than One Way1317 Words à |à 6 PagesOleynik Mrs. Coad Honors Sophomore English March 19, 2015 Reevaluating the Mockingbird When one embarks on reading Jennifer Murrayââ¬â¢s article, ââ¬Å"More Than One Way to (Mis)Read a Mockingbirdâ⬠, it becomes known that she is taking her readers through a thorough reanalysis of the novel To Kill a Mockingbird. Murray proclaims that Harper Leeââ¬â¢s novel is somewhat misunderstood and over appreciated. She claims that ââ¬Å"To Kill a Mockingbird, despite its awards and popularity, is a less than great novelâ⬠, and insteadRead MoreHarper Lee Essay896 Words à |à 4 PagesTimes and Life Research Paper Harper Leeââ¬â¢s Life Story Have you ever wondered who wrote ââ¬Å"To Kill a Mockingbirdâ⬠or who is the author that wrote it? Well Iââ¬â¢m here telling you who that author is. The author who made the book is named Nelle Harper Lee but she is just called Harper Lee on the book. This paper is on Harper Leeââ¬â¢s life and times during the 1900ââ¬â¢s. She is known from her best-selling book, ââ¬Å"To Kill a Mockingbirdâ⬠. Even thoughRead MoreRacial Issues In Harper Lees To Kill A Mockingbird775 Words à |à 4 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird Research Paper In To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee highlights racial profiling and how peoples perceptions change their actions towards others, which continues to be an issue in todays society. One racial issue we see during To Kill a Mockingbird is social injustice in the court system, shown through the Tom Robinson trial. For example, Jem doesnt quite understand the unfortunate, but true state of the injustice in the courts, so Atticus explains to him, Tom RobinsonsRead MoreCensorship Of Classic Books1325 Words à |à 6 PagesTitle: Research Paper Censorship of Classic Novels in Canada and the United States Ashley Sprague 7607211 College Reading and Writing Skills/ COMM1085 Dawn Grimmer Many novelists in todayââ¬â¢s society have the growing responsibility of censoring their work, ultimately loosing their freedom of expression. Canada is no different from other countries who have begun the long list of ââ¬Å"banned and challenged classic novels.â⬠Most of the Canadian population can remember studying Harper Leeââ¬â¢s ToRead MoreAnalysing Harper Lee and his Characters in To Kill a Mockingbird713 Words à |à 3 PagesAlabama Academy of Honor Archives, Nelle Harper Lee was born on April 28, 1926 in Monroeville, Alabama to Amasa Coleman and Frances Finch Lee. In the south, it is customary to be called by your middle name. Therefore, throughout the rest of this paper, Nelle Harper Lee will be referred to as Harper Lee. Harper Lee went to college to become a lawyer. Shortly thereafter, she moved to New York where she worked as a reservations clerk for Eastern Airlines. Harper Lee was an avid writer who likedRead MoreTo Kill a Mockingbird Argumentative Essay881 Words à |à 4 PagesTom Robinson, a black man in To Kill a Mockingbird is one of the main characters in this story that causes controversy because of his skin color. Is the storyââ¬â¢s relevance based on Mr. Robinson and his skin color? In my opinion yes, the book revolves all around his skin color and racism of the time. Tom Robinson is treated unfairly because he was black not because of what he supposedly did. The controversial subject matter in this book is immense in numbers, but out of all them, racism stands outRead MoreLiterature : My Life As A Person s Life1104 Words à |à 5 PagesLiteracy Memories What do you think of when you hear the word literature? Most people think that literature is just analyzing poems that have no real meaning behind them or writing a 10 page paper that your English teacher assigns you to do in one night. But recently I have learned that literature plays one of the biggest roles in a person s life. You use reading and writing every single day. Reading texts, reading signs, writing emails, and the music that you listen to are all examples of literatureRead MoreLiterature As A Person s Life Essay1081 Words à |à 5 Pagesschool I was moving into the big middle school. The first class of the day that I had was English with Mrs. Levon. In this class she did a lot of reading out loud to the class. The first book we read was To Kill a Mockingbird. This was the first historical book I had ever read. To Kill a Mockingbird was a very important book in my life that gave me a view on how hard times were during segregation and times before the civil war. Also in this class we read many old poems such as ââ¬Å"The Ravenâ⬠. This was caitlinbennett32http://www.blogger.com/profile/04223997900004155790noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1186387139535661027.post-2339586425653860682020-05-13T13:05:00.001-07:002020-05-13T13:05:02.929-07:00Similarities Between Adolf Hitler And Benito Mussolini Adolf Hitler Vs Benito Mussolini When speaking of modern totalitarian states Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini are bound to be mentioned. While being significant leader of the nation during time of depression and devastation, in which was caused by the first world war. They both were about to gain power in similar fascist and totalitarian views on how a country should be run. Despite their many similarities, they also were very different through their initial efforts of revolt, social ideas and principles and their fall of power. For one example; Hitler believed that the Arian race was more superior over other races. While on the other hand, widespread nationalism for remembering The Romans former of glory was Mussolini nobility.â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Approximately a year after this event, Hitler decided to act. I n an event known as the ââ¬Å"Beer Hall Putschâ⬠, Adolf Hitler and 2,000 of his supporters attempted to seize power of capital of Bavaria. In which, was a fai led attempt and ended up with the police intervening and the death of several of his co-conspirators and Hitlerââ¬â¢s imprisonment for treason. Hitler used his time in prison to write his infamous autobiography, ââ¬Å"Mein Kampfâ⬠. It wasnââ¬â¢t until about ten years after his imprisonment- after years of political manipulation and legislative machinations- that Adolf Hitler obtained power over Germany. Hitler and Mussolini developed policy around Fascist ways of thinking in the same fashion. Disagreement was treated with violent repression by a strong police state in both Italy and Germany. Both leaders used propaganda widely to influence citizens to keep their selves in power. Many public works and infrastructure projects were put into effect and moved them out of the great depression of both countries, and with this lead to major militarization of both countries. Another major similarity between both dictators is that they both created youth indoctrination programs to try and program the next generation to follow in their regimes footsteps. Lastly, both leaders were extremely arrogant as can be gained through theirShow MoreRelated A Comparison Between Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini Essay1429 Words à |à 6 PagesComparison Between Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini There is no doubt that Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini shared many similar characteristics. They shared movements that were typical of National Socialism: they adopted a radical nationalism, militaristic hierarchies, violence, the cult of charismatic leadership, contempt for individual liberties and civil rights, an anti-democratic and anti-socialist orientation, and a refusal to socialize industries. Hitler and Mussolini looked uponRead MoreA Comparison Between Hitler and Mussolini Essay example1442 Words à |à 6 PagesA comparison between Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini There is no doubt that Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini shared many similar characteristics. They shared movements that were typical of National Socialism: they adopted a radical nationalism, militaristic hierarchies, violence, the cult of charismatic leadership, contempt for individual liberties and civil rights, an anti-democratic and anti-socialist orientation, and a refusal to socialize industries. Hitler and Mussolini looked uponRead MoreEssay on Comparison of Mussolini and Hitler4381 Words à |à 18 PagesComparison of Mussolini and Hitler Fascism was a totalitarian political movement that developed after 1919 as a reaction against the political and social changes brought about by World War 1 and the spread of socialism and communism. It flourished between 1919 and 1945 in several countries, mainly Germany, Spain, Italy, and Japan. Fascism is a form of totalitarian dictatorship that had ideals such as extreme nationalism, economic self sufficiency and military strength. The dictators abolishedRead More Comparing Dictators Adolf Hitler versus Benito Mussolini versus Joseph Stalin1660 Words à |à 7 Pagesare famous for their dictatorship and totalitarianism during the 30s decade-Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini and Joseph Stalin. Totalitarianism is when a government gains absolute and total control over the country, including the freedom of thought and will as well as the citizen?s lifestyle, no other political parties are allowed and has the concept where the country is most important. The difference and similarity betw een their ideology, usage of propaganda censorship and the method of improvingRead MoreHitler : Man Of Year1762 Words à |à 8 PagesHitler: Man of Year, 1938 Francisco Franco, Benito Mussolini, Mao Zedong, Adolf Hitler: these four men are still considered some of the most ruthless dictators of the 20th century. Together they accounted for millions of deaths during their terrible reigns as supreme leader in their respective countries. However, one in this group stands apart from the rest. Only one of these men was named Time Magazine Man of the Year. This very man would be the one and only Adolf Hitler. On January 2, 1939, AdolfRead MoreComparing The Factors of the Rise of Mussolini to Those of Hitler1065 Words à |à 5 PagesFactors of the Rise of Mussolini to Those of Hitler A. Similarities: Benito Mussolini Adolf Hitler Decisions of the Paris Peace Conference Italy joined the First World War in 1915. Yet after the war Britain, France and other victorious allies did not fulfill their territorial promises as stated in the Treaty of London. Italians felt cheated. Since the Italian government failed to fight for the gains, it was deemed incompetent. Mussolini who promised revivalRead MoreCompare and Contrast the Domestic Policies of Hitler and Mussolini1495 Words à |à 6 PagesFundamentally, both Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler had the same burning desire to each make their nation a respected and economically impregnable Great Power. Mussolini wanted to return Italy to its glory days of the ancient Roman Empire, a domestic policy amongst others which was used as propaganda and to ultimately consolidate his power. A strong economy and a united state were vital for both countries in case of the outbreak of yet another catastrophic war. Everything in the state, nothingRead MoreThe Left And The Right Wing1575 Words à |à 7 PagesThe left and the right wing are always being compared to each other. Itââ¬â¢s always been the battle between the opinions and the views of the far right and the far left. Even to this day, they are separated and always put in situations where they bounce ideas back and forth. Now, what this essay will focus on is not the differences between both sides but the differences and similarities within the far right, as well as the far left. We will not be comparing the right and the left, but rather the rightRead MoreThe Common Factors that Led to the Establishment of Totalitarian Regimes in Italy and Germany in the Inter-War Period977 Words à |à 4 Pagestotalitarian regimes in some European countries. The most important ones in Western Europe were Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy. Their respective rise to power shared many similarities but there were some differences. The leaders of Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany were Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler respectively. The aftermath of the First World War provided both men with a hotbed to come to power. Both Italians and Germans were dismayed and annoyed with the Paris PeaceRead MoreWw1 vs Ww22196 Words à |à 9 Pagesretired from the war. This is when the United States of America declared war on the Triple Alliance, Austrian-Hungarian Empire, Germany, and Italy. Once war was declared on Germany many French and British people jumped with joy due to past rivalries between the countries. Because of the USA declaring war, France and the United Kingdom were able to beat Germany and Austria Hungary. Before Germany and Austria-Hungary were defeated, Germany had been making a plan since the Bismarck invasion. This caitlinbennett32http://www.blogger.com/profile/04223997900004155790noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1186387139535661027.post-58589229835810367212020-05-06T13:51:00.001-07:002020-05-06T13:51:43.895-07:00Public Health Core Functions Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays In 1988, the Institute of Medicine made a study ( IOM, 1988 ) on ââ¬Å" The Future of Public Health â⬠which fundamentally changed the manner public wellness was planned in the USA. The commission that was set up recommended in that study that wellness bureaus for the province degrees should escalate their managerial capablenesss in three indispensable functional countries which are assessment, policy development and confidence. The rise in attending to managerial competency has gone with the rise in involvement in tracking, quantifying and bettering the appraisal of wellness impact of authorities bureaus in the USA, ( Wang, 2002 ) in other states that are developed ( Kemm, 2000 ) and all over the universe ( Sim, and Mackie, 2003 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Public Health Core Functions Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the United States of America, the attempt got to a serious degree when the ââ¬Å" Healthy people 2000 â⬠was published and is turning continuously. Considerable advancement has been achieved in associating specific ends for the betterment of the wellness of the population like the rate of testing malignant neoplastic disease and immunisation to specific managerial activities like the development of human resources through plans like the Turning Point Performance Management Collaborative ( Public Health Foundation, 2002 ) . On the other manus, these plans do nââ¬â¢t cover with some holistic inquiries on public wellness ( Kemm, 2000 ) like is it obligatory to be competent in all three maps, or is being adept in one or two adequate to achieve betterment in wellness position that is above-average? The Institute of Medicine conducts two national plans for kids. This is geared towards the betterment of the edifice blocks of the kids. The plans are School Breakfast Program ( SBP ) and the National School Lunch Program ( NSLP ) . These plans play of import parts in helping the wellness and nutrition of school pupils in the United States by offering low-cost or free tiffins that are balanced nutritionally each school twenty-four hours. In 2008, the School Breakfast Program ( SBP ) gave breakfast to 10.5 million kids while over 30.5 million kids received tiffin from the National School Lunch Program ( NSLP ) . At present, to acquire compensation from federal, school repasts must run into the 1995 established ordinances for criterions of nutrition and demands for repast. In the old ages, developments have been made in dietetic counsel since those guidelines were set up. The manner in which demands for repast are monitored and implemented will determine whether pupils take portion in SBP and NSLP and eat the nutrient that is given to them. Critical schemes of execution to advance alteration and increase the engagement of pupil in the plan include affecting the school as an entity, affecting parents, pupils, and the populace ; educating the pupils on nutrition ; and supplying practical aid. The engagement of industry will be relevant to the procedure of execution which includes presenting attractive nutrients that are low in concentrated fat and Na and those that have a higher ratio of whole grain to refined grain. Additionally, current methods for monitoring will steer the attempts of execution. The support recommended from the services of nutrient and nutrition include ; Practical support for continuously developing and bettering bill of fares, puting orders for suited nutrients and commanding the cost of these nutrients while continuing their quality. New methods for oversing the quality of repasts in the school that lay accent on meeting of import ordinances for diet. Activities of public wellness have well improved the quality and length of life all over the universe ( Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 1999 ) . In certain, the reduced incidence and happening of infective disease has been a major accomplishment of public wellness. On the other manus, the advancement of the hereafter will be more debatable to accomplish and measuring the public bureaus ââ¬Ë wellness impact will be more hard. As stated by Jocelyn Elders, the former sawbones General of the United States, ââ¬Ëpublic wellness is ill understood-perhaps because when it is effectual, nil happens ââ¬Ë ( Elders, 1995 ) . As there are a fluctuation in the intercessions and wellness impacts, the ability to place the activities of a wellness bureau that is straight lending its quota to the advancement is difficult to determine and is ever dependent on argument ( Coyne and Hilsenrath, 2002 ) . A set of three of import maps as stated above has been developed by the Federal Gove rnment ââ¬Ës Institute of Medicine in the USA. Not many surveies have made effort to mensurate the status of public wellness pattern in the USA as it is linked to the recommendation of the Institute of Medicine ( IOM, 1988 ) sing all three of import maps. Out of eight surveies that were ab initio conducted, four laid accent on section of local wellness ( Handler and Turnock, 1996 ; Scutchfield et al. , 1997 ) and the other four took an attack on province degree ( Halverson et al. , 1996 ) . Scott et al. , 1990 were the first squad to transport out a complete nose count based on the of import maps of public wellness indicated by the Institute of Medicine. Seven old ages subsequently, Scutchfield et al. , ( 1997 ) repeated the study done by Scott et al. , ( 1990 ) and found that the figure of bureaus involved in confidence and appraisal activities was in general, unchanged. On the other manus, the per centum of wellness bureaus in the province degree that are enthusiastically involved in policy development dropped from 72 % to 49 % within the same period. For policy development as it relates to particular issues, such as genetic sciences and the bar of disease ( Piper et al. , 2001 ) , states displayed even reduced degrees of activity. This means that in merely about half of the provinces, the maps of a formal policy development were absent even on the footing of self-report. In the research on direction, approaches bases on constellation are used to look at the relationship between public presentation, construction of the organisation and determination devising, and the strategic planning capablenesss of organisations. Additionally, a positive connexion between fiscal public presentation and systems constellation of strategic planning has been confirmed to be objectively ( Veliyath and Shortell, 1993 ) . On the other manus, no researches to day of the month hold made effort to separate constellations on non-monetary steps of success such as the results of health care. The highly indispensable characteristic of any constellation is specifying the planned intent of the organisations that are analyzed. From the position of public wellness, it is indispensable to measure the effects of the of import maps on the steps of population wellness position. Consequently, analytically associating the planning theoretical accounts of bureau to the appraisal of public wellness impact is a natural add-on of the methodological analysis of constellation. The section of wellness and human services in the US has recognized 10 taking wellness arrows and suggested that they should be used as steps of result because they ââ¬Å" assist everyone understand the importance of wellness publicity and disease preventionaÃâ à ¦ developing schemes and action programs to turn to one or more of these indexs can hold a profound consequence on increasing the quality of life and extinguishing wellness disparities â⬠( US Department of Health and Human Services, 2000 ) . The chief wellness indexs are Physical activity Fleshiness Use of baccy Maltreatment of substance Sexual behaviour Mental wellness Violence and hurt Quality of the environment Immunization and Access to wellness attention Other research workers and organisations ( Sutocky et al. , 2000 ) have set up a directory of the wellness position of community utilizing similar steps for illustration, since 1989, the group called the UnitedHealth has formed annually studies that ranks the general province of wellness in all 50 provinces. The study gives a elaborate position of the wellness tendencies of the population across the US. The Markss are made to draw attending to critical steps that affects the wellness of the populace. Additionally, set uping the points into a individual variable permits an all inclusive comparing of general wellness advancement with the of import maps. Consequently, nailing relationships between the constellation of of import maps and the betterment of the wellness of the population is a relevant add-on to both research in public wellness and direction. Background In recent old ages the usage of Health Impact Assessment has been on the rise in the USA, energized by an increasing consciousness among professionals of transit, public wellness and planning that transit planning and land usage can hold a considerable impact on the wellness of the populace. Health Impact Assessment is an instrument to assist determination shapers and other contrivers better place the wellness result of the determinations they make. Health Impact Assessment is described as ââ¬Å" a combination of processs, methods, and tools by which a policy, plan, or undertaking may be judged as to its possible effects on the wellness of a population, and the distribution of those effects within the population â⬠( European Centre for Health Policy, 1999 ) . HIA have been loosely used in Europe and other topographic points ( Kemm, 2004 ) , and processs are the same in the United States and Europe. Furthermore, local illustrations are needed to increase the suitableness of pol itical relations, to increase consciousness of their usage round the state, to function as illustrations for farther Health Impact Assessment, to be used as theoretical accounts in United States based preparation class for Health Impact Assessment and to maintain record that Health Impact Assessment applies in the scenes of the U.S. Lesser resources may be needed to form new HIAs if research workers can draw the reappraisals of literature and methods from related Health Impact Assessments officially done in the United States, taking note of the fluctuations in domestic environment and specifications of undertaking and policy. For case, the analysis of wellness impact based on U.S. of extra income from a life salary order ( Bhatia and Katz, 2001 ; Cole et al. , 2005 ) may be of import as portion of the consequence of wellness analysis that is attributed to employment created by a new concern development in the United States ââ¬Ë informations on web between income and wellness from Europe will be non so applicable for such an analysis because of colliding economic, societal and political conditions. An adept squad in 2004 critically looked into the possibility for increased usage of HIAs in the United States and made suggestions on the following stairss that could better the usage of HIAs ( Dannenberg, 2006 ) . These stairss includes transporting out experimental HIA undertakings, making a database of Health Impact Assessment completed, griping up the capacity to develop people to transport out HIAs, developing motive to increase the demands for Health Impact Assessments by those who make determinations and developing practical methods for anticipations ( Dannenberg, 2006 ) How to cite Public Health Core Functions Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples caitlinbennett32http://www.blogger.com/profile/04223997900004155790noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1186387139535661027.post-16235442421445456202020-05-05T00:00:00.001-07:002020-05-05T00:00:02.431-07:00Mya free essay sample MyaMyaMany of you probably have heard of the hot new 18-year-old RB artist Mya. This new diva, Mya Harrison, has recently come out with her first CD, self-titled Mya. It is wholesomely filled with her fiery RB soul voice. I strongly recommend it if you like and listen to pure RB.When you listen to this CD, I am positive you will recognize her soulful voice. Recently, you may have heard her when she joined Wyclef Jean and Oil Dirty Bastard to sing the popular jam, Ghetto Superstar. This was the start of her singing career. Since then, she has recorded this CD that includes the hit Its All About Me. Mya also recorded a duet with pal Missy Misdemeanor Elliot entitled Bye-Bye, along with a ballad featuring popular crooner Babyface, entitled, My First Night With You.Mya is the one to get, strictly because of Myas amazing voice. We will write a custom essay sample on Mya or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Though she is only 18 years old, she has proven her amazing vocal maturity. Mya has been compared to Bestings Child, along with teen-sensationBrandy. If that isnt a reason to get Myas CD, I dont know what is.. caitlinbennett32http://www.blogger.com/profile/04223997900004155790noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1186387139535661027.post-67603409172104828102020-03-30T18:48:00.001-07:002020-03-30T18:48:02.443-07:00Speech Recognition Principles And Applications Essays - Linguistics Speech Recognition: Principles And Applications Table of contents Abstract 3 Overview of the Characteristics of Automatic Speech Recognition Systems 4 Number of Words 4 Use of Grammar 5 Continuous vs. Discrete Speech 5 Speaker Dependency 6 Early Approaches to Automatic Speech Recognition 6 Acoustic-Phonetic Approach 7 Statistical Pattern Recognition Approach 8 Modern Approach to Automatic Speech Recognition 8 Hidden Markov Models 9 Training of an Automatic Speech Recognition System Based on HMMs 11 Sub-Word Units 11 Applications of Automatic Speech Recognition Systems 12 Automated Call-Type Recognition 13 Data Entry 13 Future Applications Using Automatic Speech Recognition Systems 14 Conclusion 14 References 15 Abstract With the advances of technology, a lot of people may think that integrating the ability of understanding human speech in a computer system is a piece of cake. However, scientists disagree. Since the early nineteen fifties, scientists have tried to implement the perfect automatic speech recognition system, but they failed. They were successful in making the computer recognise a large number of words, but till now, a computer that understands everything without meeting any conditions does not exist. Due to the enormous applications, a lot of money and time is spent in improving speech recognition systems. SPEECH RECOGNITION: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS Nowadays, computer systems play a major role in our lives. They are used everywhere beginning with homes, offices, restaurants, gas stations, and so on. Nonetheless, for some, computers still represent the machine they will never know how to use. Communicating with a computer is done using a keyboard or a mouse, devices many people are not comfortable using. Speech recognition solves this problem and destroys the boundaries between humans and computers. Using a computer will be as easy as talking with your friend. Unfortunately, scientists have discovered that implementing a perfect speech recognition system is no easy task. This report will present the principles and the major approaches to speech recognition systems along with some of their applications. Overview of the Characteristics of Automatic Speech Recognition Systems How can we evaluate a speech recognition system? Obviously describing it by good or bad isnt enough since the performance of such a system may be outstanding in one application and poor in another. In fact, speech recognition systems are designed according to the application. Some of these variable characteristics are presented below. Number of Words The major characteristic of a speech recognition system is the number of words it can recognise. The question that comes to mind is how many words are enough so that the performance of a speech recognition system is acceptable. The answer depends on the application (6, p98). Some applications may require few words, like automated call-type recognition, others may require thousands, like data entry. However, increasing the number of words or the vocabulary of a speech recognition system increases its complexity and decreases its performance (probability of error is higher)(6, p.98). Systems with large vocabularies are also slower since more time is needed to search a word in a large vocabulary. Increasing the number of words isnt enough because the speech recognition system is unable to differentiate words like to and two or right and write (6 ,p.98). Use of Grammar Using grammar, differentiating words like to and two or right and write is possible. Grammar is also used to speed up a speech recognition system by narrowing the range of the search (6,p.98). Grammar also increases the performance of a speech recognition system by eliminating inappropriate word sequencing. However, grammar doesnt allow random dictation which is a problem for some applications (6, p.98). Continuous vs. Discrete Speech When speaking to each other, we dont pause between words. In other words, we use continuous speech. However, for speech recognition systems, there is difficulty in dealing with continuous speech (6, p.98). The easy way out will be using discrete speech where we pause between words (6, p.100). With discrete speech input, the silent gap between words is used to determine the boundary of the word, whereas in continuous speech, the speech recognition system must separate words using an algorithm which is not a hundred per cent accurate. Still, for a small vocabulary and using grammar, continuous speech recognition systems are available. They are reliable and do not require great computational power (6, p.100). However, for large vocabulary, continuous speech recognition systems are very difficult to achieve, require caitlinbennett32http://www.blogger.com/profile/04223997900004155790noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1186387139535661027.post-63717436630124661332020-03-07T14:25:00.001-08:002020-03-07T14:25:03.677-08:00Why must thrombolytic therapy be initiated immediately upon essaysWhy must thrombolytic therapy be initiated immediately upon essays Why must thrombolytic therapy be initiated immediately upon onset of ischemic stroke? In Canada a stroke occurs every ten minutes, it is the fourth leading cause of death and is the number one cause of long-term disability. Canadians spend a total of 3 million days in hospital because of stroke costing the Canadian economy $2.7 billion a year, with the average acute care stay costing approximately $27,500 per stroke (Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada, 2002). Currently there are 350,000 Canadians living with the effects of stroke with 50,000 new strokes occurring every year and the incidence is increasing as Canadians age. Of every 100 people experiencing a stroke in Canada, 10 are so severely disabled they require long-term care, 40 are left with moderate to severe impairment or disability, 25 will have minor impairment or disability, 10 will completely recover and 15 will die. Fewer than 50% of stroke patients ever return to work (Canadian Stroke Network, 2004). This paper will use the pathopysiology concepts of ischemic stroke to answer this question: Why must thrombolytic therapy be initiated immediately upon onset of ischemic stroke? This is a very clinically important question because early identification of stroke is the single most important tool in the reduction of disability. The largest barrier to patients receiving thrombolytic therapy is the failure to identify signs and symptoms and seek immediate treatment. A recent study found only 5% of patients experiencing stroke symptoms sought medical attention within the three-hour time window. Patients delayed seeking treatment because symptoms were not recognized, the patient and family waited for symptoms to go away, and the patient and family believed nothing could be done, or that it was not an emergency. These findings indicate the need to educate the community about stroke risk factors, signs and symptoms, and the appropriate response (Kongable, 1997). W... caitlinbennett32http://www.blogger.com/profile/04223997900004155790noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1186387139535661027.post-4037474007541387582020-02-20T05:52:00.001-08:002020-02-20T05:52:02.438-08:00English Legal System and Skills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 wordsEnglish Legal System and Skills - Essay Example n her statement, Rose says that she did not suspect that her brother was doing anything criminal, but that she had become wary of the kinds of people he was keeping company with at the gym. Rose must realize that if this suspicion about the kind of people her brother was keeping can be related the criminal act of the money. In Regina v Da Silva (2006)1, the court held that suspicion does not necessarily have to be knowledge ad that if there was a small doubt, this can be counted as suspicion. Rose can however feel safe as long as she can prove that due to her brothers good job, she never suspected that he could be involved in such a case and that it was also possible that he could afford that kind of money. Sarah may have a criminal responsibility of aiding and abetting crime, according to section 93A (1)(a) of the criminal justice act 1988 UK. It is clear that she was aware that her uncle John was having financial issues at the time and that he was desperate to resolve his problems. It can be argued that since Sarah knew that her uncle was having financial problems and that she was in charge of a charity, and this can be said to have been enough ground for a reasonable person to suspect that something was wrong. She could also have questioned the motive of her uncle requiring her to keep the money for her instead of him keeping in his bank account. In Regina v Da Silva (2006)2, the court held that the appellant was guilty because she had enough grounds to suspect that her husband was having criminal activity or that the money that was being deposited in her account by her husband had been acquired illegally. The same case can be applied in Sarahââ¬â¢s case because she must have sus pected that her uncle who was going through financial problems could not have acquired the money in proper caitlinbennett32http://www.blogger.com/profile/04223997900004155790noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1186387139535661027.post-46826970608630088012020-02-04T17:15:00.001-08:002020-02-04T17:15:03.246-08:00Study Skills - Methods of studing Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 wordsStudy Skills - Methods of studing - Coursework Example One aim and objective that I have set for working on this assignment is that I will make sure I cover all of the details of this study. Secondly, I must make sure that I write the study to the best of my ability, keeping it free of errors and see to it that it conveys the correct data. Finally, I must see to it that I use technical language fluently, and I must use it properly. If I follow all three of these aims and objectives for this particular assignment, it is certain that I will have a good mark on it. the second assignment that I have set aims and objectives for is the project that involves me writing a report for the Somerset Park Hotel. Like the above assignment, there are three aims and objectives that I will want to follow to insure that I do my assignment to the best of my ability. One aim and objective that I will need to apply is that I will see to it that I factor in all of the costs of the hotel project, so as to give an accurate assessment of what will need to be spent to keep the hotel going. The second aim and objective that I will need to apply to the completion of this assignment is that I will need to see to it that I write in a way that is easy to understand, while also making sure that the language flows and that what I write is grammatically correct. And finally, I will see to it that I completely analyze the study of the hotel, so I can have all of the pertinent details and will construct the report well. Then there is the assignment where I am to show that I have a basic understanding of HTML, and to prove this, I am to design a web site to demonstrate the skills that I have thus far. For this assignment, there are three aims and objectives that I have set to insure that I do the assignment correctly, completely, and produce high quality work. One aim and objective that I have set forth is to make sure I am using caitlinbennett32http://www.blogger.com/profile/04223997900004155790noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1186387139535661027.post-74424430521003620762020-01-27T13:39:00.001-08:002020-01-27T13:39:04.460-08:00Luxury Goods: Definition and literatureLuxury Goods: Definition and literature Chapter 2: Literature Reviews 2.0 Definition of Luxury Goods The word ââ¬Ëluxury can be defined as state of life in which has uses things that please the senses or pleasing to have but not essential. ââ¬Å"A good attains the label as a ââ¬Å"luxuryâ⬠when it has a particular design, quality, performance or durability that is remarkably superior to the comparable substitutesâ⬠(Snapshot of U.S Luxury Good Market, 2007). Dubois, Laurent and Czellar (2001) and Survanasuddhi (2007) stated a definition of the nature and characteristics of the concept of luxury. The six facets are excellent quality, very high price, scarcity and uniqueness, aesthetics and polysensuality, ancestral heritage and personal history and superfluousness. Luxury goods are rising in popularity especially as consumers buying behavior is becoming more symbolized. Consumers feel that by owning luxury products can express their personality and set them apart. Thus, ââ¬Å"luxury goods have been defined as goods for which the mere use or display of a particular branded product brings prestige on the owner, apart from any functional utilityâ⬠(Nia and Zaikowsky,2000) The term ââ¬Ëprestige was defined as it consists of consumers motivations for chasing technical superiority, uniqueness, signaling wealth and status well as aesthetics appeal (Vigneron and Johnson, 1999). ââ¬ËPrestige and ââ¬Ëluxury are used synonymously in the VIgneron and Johnsons research. Vigneron and Johnson (1999) categorized three types of prestige brand as upmarket brands, premium brands and luxury brands, respectively in an increasing order of prestige. Hence, it was expected that people would have different perceptions of the level of prestige for the same brands, and that the overall prestige level of a brand would consider the prestige perceptions from different people. Source: Vigneron and Johnson (1999) ââ¬Å"Luxury brands can be described as premium priced brands that consumers purchase for their psychological values (symbolic and hedonic), and not predominately for their economical and functional valueâ⬠(Nueno and Quelch 1998; Stegeman, 2006). However, the definition of luxury goods or brands cannot be fully recognized. The definition of luxury will be different and may not be the same for another researcher. Chadha Husband (2006) definition limits itself in that it only pertains to luxury fashion goods instead there are other luxury goods that are also both universally available and accepted as luxury. The definition of luxury brands have been defined as fashionable and high quality consumers goods made by reputed luxury brands which contained wearable fashion goods such as handbag, wallet, shoes and belt (Chadha and Husband, 2006; Heinemann, 2008). Fashion can be reflection of the social, economic, political and artistic forces of the time. Accoding to Gao, Norton, Zhang, To (2009), ââ¬Å"luxury fashion goods are apparel, accessories, handbags, shoes, watches, jewellery, and perfume for which use or display of particular branded products brings prestige to owners, apart from any functional utilityâ⬠. Snapshot of U.S Luxury Good Market (2007) stated fashion group represent the major product sector in the luxury goods market. It is important to know that the survey showed that ââ¬Å"one sixth (16%) of the worlds consumers claim to buy designer brandsâ⬠(ACNielsen, 2008). For this research, the term luxury goods can be defined as the brands that are defined as luxurious in the annual ââ¬Å"Consumer and Designer Brand Report 2008â⬠by the global Nielson firm which the survey is the largest and it identified the following goods as the luxury fashion goods. Calvin Klien Giorgio Armani Celine Ralph Lauren Louis Vuitton Ferragamo Diesel Burberry Chloe Chanel Versace Marc Jacobs Christian Dior Prada Gucci Givenchy DKNY Emporio Armani Valentino Hermes Fendi Yves Saint Lauren Max Mara The fashion goods that show above are not the only goods that are stated as luxury in this research. Consumers allow to evaluate and include other brands which they think is luxury fashion goods for them. Furthermore, there are many opinions and views of luxury from different leaders viewpoint stated in KPMG research (Managing Luxury Brand Growth, 2006). Luxury is explained in the table below as following: Leaders Name and Company Definition 1. Guy Salter * Private Investor, Deputy Chairman of Walpole, the British Luxury goods organization Because luxury matters in a way that didnt matter before. Increasingly, luxury is big business: the luxury segment is growing and according to most projections it will continue to grow for the next ten to fifteen years. 2. Belinda Earl, * Jaeger Groups chief executive * Jaeger is a luxury British brand renowned for designing stylish, innovative and superb quality womenswear, menswear and accessories. None of us are in the business selling necessities; luxury is the business of creating and satisfying desires. 3. Richard Purdey of gun makers James Purdey and Sons * Famous British gun maker of London, and the name is synonymous with the very finest sporting shotguns and rifles. Purdeys hold or have held numerous warrants of appointment as gun and rifle makers to the British and other European royal families. A real luxury brands has got to have total integrity. It has to be the buyer that says ââ¬Ëthis is luxury. 4. Theo Fennell * Theo Fennell is the jewellery maker by using his name for his company ââ¬ËTheo Fennel in London Luxury is something that everyone wants and nobody needs. 5. Joseph Wan of Harvey Nichols * CEO of retailer Harvey Nichols * Harvey Nichols is an international luxury lifestyle store, renowned both in the UK and internationally for the breadth and depth of its exclusive fashion merchandise. It offers many of the worlds most prestigious brands in womenswear, menswear, accessories, beauty, food and home. Luxury is about history. A luxury brand is a lifestyle concept and to be sustainable it has to have history, including a history of quality merchandise and of real luxury customers.. 6. Raphael le Masne de Chermont, of Shanghai Tang * Executive Chair of Shanghai Tang * Shanghai Tang is the first luxury brand emerging design from Chiana It is not in the price, it is in the pleasure you give to the customer. It is to do with creativity, a harmonious aesthetic with attention to details. 7.Christian Hafner * Head of Branding at Swarovski Luxury is about history, authenticity, depth and being a partner. Buying a luxury product is like a love affair. 2.1 Generation Y Generation Y are also referred as the Millennial Generation or Generation Next or Net Generation describes the demographic cohort following Generation X. Its members are often referred to as Millennials or Echo Boomers. According to Shareef Mahdavi (2008), Generation Y is the term used to describe children of the Baby Boomer generation, typically born between 1977 and 1995. McCrindle (2008) described the generation Y born in between 1980 and 1994. They are also referred to as ââ¬ËMillenials and ââ¬ËEcho Boomers in the western society, especially American Society. Generation Y are individuals who born between 1977 to 1994 that have a free spending spirit and consist of 71 million 8 to 25 year olds (Horovitz, 2002; Sriviroj 2007). The wealthiest groups of people are between the ages of 19 to 25 year olds who are either employed in full time jobs or part time work even though there are group amount of generation Y consumers. The greatest purchasing power in the Generation Y college student takes place within the part-time student, who spends over $400 monthly on discretionary purchases while often maintaining full-time employment (Gardyn, 2002). Those who are either part time or at full time work are college students (Martin Turley, 2004). Students always work as part time work to find extra funding for their excessive spending during the university holidays or breaks. There are average 80% of students attending college or university are employed (Martin Turley, 2004). The financial knowledge of the average Generation Y consumer also earns them the awareness and respect of marketers even though their spending power alone is enough reason to pay significant attention to this group of consumers. The financial knowledge of the average Generation Y consumer also earns them the respect of marketers today. Generation Y consumers have a remarkable amount of disposable income due to the increasing of greater level in the economy over the past decade (Martin Turley, 2004). Besides that, the research suggested that ââ¬Å"Generation Y has more discretionary income than the previous generations and prefer to spend it on themselves rather than others. A reason for this may be because they are starting families later in life and therefore are able to spend their income on themselves without having to worry about othersâ⬠(Angela Hughes, 2008) The important of this group of consumers has taken on the greater level of meaning for marketer. ââ¬Å"While the Baby Boomers grew up with television advertising influencing how they were marketed to and how they bought products, Generation Y has many different mediums that they grew up with, which is what makes marketing to them so much more difficultâ⬠(Angela Hughes, 2008). Marketers are playing the large part influence consumers behaviour through the knowledge of fashion. The reason is that teenagers are concerned about fashion value more than any other age groups (Koester and May,1985; Sriviroj 2007). One of the most influencers is the media because of media consist of a wide range of technology such as television, internet, mobile phone and DVD. (Angela Hughes, 2008, Sriviroj 2007). The internet has permanently changed the way that this generation shops by giving the information about products than the companies give the consumer. According to Angela Hughes (2008), he in ternet is also a powerful tool for this generation in spreading opinions about products to their peers. The largest differences between Generation Y and those that preceded them are Generation Ys tremendous awareness and confidence. Generation Y is more likely than any previous generation to look up information before purchasing a product. Generation Y is more desirable to own the products that they know their peers will accept just to show they are part of the group. On the other hand, in the research of Sriviroj (2007) stated that television is strongly influence these generation which affect them as they will reflect their perceptions in ââ¬Å"realityâ⬠as they have seen in television world. ââ¬Å"Of the paid advertising channels of online, outdoor, newspaper, magazine, radio, TV and Theatrical, TV and newspaper are the most trusted mediaâ⬠(Nielsen Global Online Consumer Survey, 2009). ââ¬Å"Generation Y is poised to take over as the largest and most lucrative consumer group for marketers, a position that has long been held by the Baby Boomer generationâ⬠(Angela Hughes, 2008). In order to understand the generation Y consumers, it is important to think about factors that motivate these individuals towards the purchasing of luxury goods. 2.2 Social Influence Previous research shows that group influences play an important role in influencing the purchase decisions (Brinberg and Plimpton, 1986; Martin and Bush 2000; Mascareches and Higby, 1993). The group members have been recognized as determinant of behavior. The fact that the people act in accordance with a frame of reference produced by the group to which they belong is a long accepted and sound premise (Merton and Rossi, 1949). However, many individuals did not behave like the majority of people in their recognized group (e.g., social class or educational level).The casual observation showed perplexing contradictions between group membership and behaviors. According to Merton and Rossi (1994), ââ¬Å"a partial solution was found in the concept of ââ¬Å"reference groupâ⬠, which recognizes that people frequently orient themselves to other than membership group in shaping their behaviors and evaluations and that reference groups can perform a diversity of functions.â⬠Reference groups are generally defined as ââ¬Å"actual or imaginary institutions, individuals, or groups conceived of having significant relevance upon an individualââ¬Å¸s evaluations, aspirations, or behaviorâ⬠(Lessig and Park, 1975; Pertina, Prybutok, Zhang, 2008). Besides that, reference group also can be defined as ââ¬Å"a group of people that significantly influence an individuals behaviorâ⬠(Bearden and Etzel, 1982). Reference group are important because they make the individual aware to a specific goods or brands and influence individuals to adopt attitude and behaviour that are consistent with the norm of the group. The normative and informative social influences are the most widely accepted influence. Normative social influence is based on the tendency to conform to the expectation of others while informational influence is based on the desire to make informed decisions and optimize the choice (Stephen Yang and He, 2009; Khan and Khan, 2005). Berden and Etzel (1982) examined that the reference group influence by product and the brand purchase decision. Previous research studied group influences in marketing strategy and consumers purchasing behaviour. Specifically, three types of group influences are studied which is information, utilitarian and value expressive influences (Stephen Yang and He; Bearden and Etzel, 1982; Makgosa and Mohube, 2007; Pertina, Prybutok, Zhang, 2008). Informational influence is reflected when an individual perceives enhancement of knowledge and ability to cope with environment when using information from opinion leaders, experts, or product users. Utilitarian influence manifests through the process of compliance with those who can exercise reward or punishment power. Value-expressive reference group function is based on the identification process whereas an individual who associates oneself with a group to enhance self-concept adopts this groups consumption patterns. Reference groups have been found to specify what the desirable and undesirable goods are (Bristol and Malengburg, 2005; Khan and Khan, 2005). Many researchers have argued that individuals are more susceptible to reference groups influence when the goods is conspicuous and publicly consumed (Bearden and Etzel, 1982; Makgosa and Mohube, 2007; Batra, Homer, Kahle, 2009; Morris and White, 2009). The influence of a reference group on consumer behavior can be done in one of two ways, either directly or indirectly. In the research Stephen Yang and He (2009), reference groups refer the group that individual has frequent contact with (such as family members, work associates, classmates, friends, etc.). These group is refers to the groups used by an individual to direct one purchasing behaviour in particular situation. These are generally referred as direct reference group (Schiffman and Kanuk, 1994). On the other hand, it included ââ¬Å"the groups that does not have the membership in or direct contact with, such as certain expected groups or people in a certain social level (Stephen Yang and He, 2009). Based on the work of Khan and Khan (2005), the direct reference group influence was illustrated as ââ¬Å"families, friends, co-worker, formal social groups and other leisure groupsâ⬠. This differs from the indirect reference groups comprise of ââ¬Å"individuals and groups t hat influence consumers purchase intentions without having and direct contact such as celebrities and sport personalitiesâ⬠(Khan and Khan, 2005). 2.2.1 Direct Reference Groups Direct reference groups can be defined as direct contact from the individual or groups with the consumers. With the reference from â⬠¦.., it showed that families, friends, co-worker, formal social groups and other leisure groups are under this categories. A person has several reference groups for various subjects or different decisions normally. For example, ââ¬Å"a woman may consult one reference group when she is purchasing a car and a different reference group for lingerieâ⬠(Consumer Behaviour, no date).These direct reference groups are the one who frequently contact with the consumers, It can be seen that the groups views from direct reference groups whether purchase the goods in order to be like group members, believing in group members decisions or a sign of wanting to fit in the group. The previous researchers have carried out the investigations on how the role models (parents, relatives, peers) influence teenagers purchase intentions and behavior (Martin and Bush; Subramanian and Subramanian, 1995)) and how parents and peers influence various products and brands purchase decisions (Bearden and Etzel, 1982). Researcher has shown that overt family communication can and often does influence younger consumers attitudes toward purchases and their consumption patterns (Martin and Bush). Consumers always do not feel confident enough to evaluate alone. They will consult a friend or partner by inviting them along to a potential purchase can enhance the process. ââ¬Å"Having a peer present meant that shop assistants become largely irrelevant and that evaluation of a brand centered largely on initial peer reaction to fit, style and price-based decisionsâ⬠(Guy W.Mullarkey, 2001). ââ¬Å"It is also interesting to note that of all the three direct reference groups, friends tend to exert the greatest influence where individuals purchase brands because they identify themselves with their peersâ⬠(Khan and Khan, 2005). From the numerous researches that have been done, direct reference groups influence make an immediate impact to the consumers. Therefore, it can be concluded that direct reference groups play a significant role in providing relevant information, deemed necessary to make a purchase and conform the group norm. 2.2.2 Indirect Reference Groups Indirect reference groups is the group that influence consumers purchase decisions without having any direct contact with the consumers such as celebrities and sport personalities. Khan and Khan (2005) defined celebrities as ââ¬Å"individuals who are well known to the public for their advertisements in areas other than product class endorsedâ⬠and that they represent ââ¬Å"an idealisation of lifeâ⬠. In luxury goods industry, it will be much easier by connecting the brand to a celebrity and is even viewed, in some instances, as a necessity. This is because a luxury goods company is in the business of building and selling dreams, and nothing is more helpful in making such dreams concrete and thus more believable in the eyes of the consumer, than communicating it through a famous personality. Celebrities are being increasingly used in marketing communication by marketers to lend personality to their products in India (Matrade Chennai, 2005). Young consumers especially the generation-Y like advertisement more if they are attracted or admire the celebrities. Positive feelings toward the celebrities and the brand itself will develop more from the young consumers. ââ¬Å"Research indicates that celebrity endorsements can result in more favorable advertisement ratings and product evaluations and can have a substantial positive impact on financial returns for the companies that use themâ⬠(Silvera and Austad, 2004). Besides that, previous research indicates that celebrities exert influence on consumers purchase intentions and decisions (Martin and Bush, 2000). ââ¬Å"Celebrities have also been found to enhance persuasiveness of messages and lead to actual purchasesâ⬠(Khan and Khan, 2005). For example, Madonna and Demi Moore for Versaceââ¬âbeautiful, successful, mature women in their 40s, transgressive, independent, non-conformist, sexy, etc. (Roncaglia and Brevetti, 2006). In conclusion, even there is no direct contact with consumers; indirect reference groups have the strong influence to the generation-Y which affects their brand choices toward the luxury goods. 2.3 Perceived Conspicuous Value Vigneron and Johnson (1999) defined five values of prestige behaviour combined with five relevant motivations, and from these identified five different categories of prestige consumers. According to his study, particularly emphasized the role of interpersonal effects on the consumption of prestige brands, and derived three main effects: Veblen, Snob, and Bandwagon. ââ¬Å"The Veblen, snob and bandwagon effects are evident with consumers who perceive price as the most important factor, with a higher price indicating greater prestige. They usually buy rare products and in this way emphasise their statusâ⬠((Husic and Cicic, 2008). In addition, the study also conducted by Vigneron Johnson (1999) included the conceptualized framework on two main personal effects: Hedonist and Perfectionist. ââ¬Å"Hedonists and perfectionists are more interested in pleasure derived from the use of luxury products, and less interested in the price than quality, product characteristics and performance. These consumers know what they want and use their own judgment while price exists only as proof of qualityâ⬠(Husic and Cicic, 2008). Perceived conspicuous value which known as Veblen effect is the consumption of the luxury product is viewed as a signal of status and wealth, whose price, expensive by normal standards, enhances the value of such a signal. (Vigneron and Johnson, 1999). Several researchers demonstrated that price of product have a significant aspect in consumers opinion of quality (Vigneron Johnson, 1999). The price of the product is use to judge quality of the luxury products between different brands. Luxury is an expensive investment. Therefore, a high price has to be justified by an outstanding quality and aesthetics that mass produced goods cant guarantee (Barnier, Rodina, Florence, 2005). For some consumers, high price equals high quality; therefore, they are willing to pay more for high quality. ââ¬Å"Brand exclusivity is the positioning of a brand such that it can command a high price relative to similar productsâ⬠(Groth and McDaniel, 1993). In addition, it is suggested that ââ¬Å"consumers who perceived price as a proxy for quality, also perceived high prices as an indicator suggesting a certain degree of prestigeâ⬠(Lichtenstein, Ridgway, and Netemeyer 1993). This statement is further supported in recommend the use of prestige-pricing strategy by the marketing literature when appealing to status-conscious consumers (Vigneron and Johnson, 1999; Luong Thi Bich Thuy, 2008). Numerous researchers have conducted the original work from Bourne (1957), which focused on the influence of reference groups on the consumption of prestige brands (Mason 1981 and 1992; Bearden and Etzel 1982, Vigneron and Johnson, 1999). They found that there was a positive relationship between conspicuous consumption and reference groups. Studies on reference group influence have shown that the ââ¬Å"conspicuousness of a product was positively related to its susceptibility to reference group influenceâ⬠(Vigneron and Johnson, 1999). Additionally, Bearden and Etzel (1982) stated that luxury products that were publicly purchased are more conspicuous products in comparison to products that were privately consumed. The studies also suggested that the luxury products may used to communicate information about their identity. Veblen (1899) suggested that conspicuous consumption was used by people to signal wealth and by inference power and status. The utility of the luxury products may be to display wealth and one could consider that luxury brands would dominate the conspicuous segment of the consumers. In conclusion, it can be concluded that conspicuous consumption of luxury goods is used to display wealth, power and status. It is playing significant role that how individual motivated into purchasing luxury goods. 2.4 Perceived Quality Value Within the field of marketing, the construct of perceived quality has been widely acknowledged as the primary driver of purchase intention (Jacoby and Olson, 1985). According to Vigneron and Johnson (1999), perceived quality value is defined as ââ¬Å"luxury is partly derived from technical superiority and the extreme care that takes place during the production processâ⬠. Thus, Husic and Cicic (2008) stated perfectionism effect or perceived quality as ââ¬Å"perfectionist consumers depend on their own perception of the products quality, and may use price as further evidence of qualityâ⬠. ââ¬Å"Excellent quality is a sine qua non and it is important that the premium marketer maintains and develops leadership in qualityâ⬠(Quelch, 1987; Vigneron and Johnson, 1999; Dubois, Laurent, Czellar, 2009; Barnier, Rodina, Florence, 2005; Srichan Sriviroj, 2007 ). In a survey conducted by ACNielsen (2008), it was found that on a global average, ââ¬Å"28% believe that are of significantly higher quality than standard brandsâ⬠. Source: ACNielsen Report (Consumer and Deisgner Brands), April 2008 Consumer might own prestige goods because they are likely to be of higher quality (Vigneron and Johnson, 1999). A consumer who own a luxury fashion goods is likely to expect that the goods longevity and durability (Dubois, Laurent, Czellar, 2009; Barnier, Rodina, Florence, 2005; Srichan Sriviroj, 2007; Sarisa Suvarnasuddhi, 2007) compare with mass products. It should become better with time and should not lose its appeal (Barnier, Rodina, Florence, 2005). According to the Nielsen survey (2009), designer brands stand for fashion and superior quality however in the developing markets of Latin America, Asia, South Africa and the UAE. A half of respondents in these countries think these brands are for fashion followers, and up to 40 percent believe they offer superior quality. Thus, it is interesting that the greatest percentage of people who believe designer brands offer significantly higher quality over non designer alternatives hail from Malaysia, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Turkey. Source: ACNielsen Report (Consumer and Deisgner Brands), May 2006 Luxury and premium brands are expected to show quality and even greater quality as well (Garfein, 1989; Roux, 1995; Vigneron and Johnson, 1999; Srichan Sriviroj, 2007; Luong Thi Bich Thuy, 2008). Groth and McDaniel (1993) stated that ââ¬Å"high prices may even make certain products or service more desirableâ⬠, because people take that products with high prices with great quality (Rao and Monroe, 1989). In fact, luxury products will lose their scarcity and uniqueness characteristics if luxury products are not priced high (Dubois and Duquesne, 1993). The studies and literature on luxury products suggested that the ââ¬Å"quality cue might also be used by consumers to evaluate the level of prestige of brandsâ⬠(Rao and Monroe, 1989; Vigneron and Johnson, 1999; Luong Thi Bich Thuy, 2008). A low level of quality would play a negative role over the perception of the brand. In contrast, the persons quality perception would play a positive role over his or her perception of presti ge on the same brand if the buyer or the consumer perceives the brand as having an excellent level of quality. (Vigneron and Johnson, 1999; Luong Thi Bich Thuy, 2008) According to Vigneron and Johnson (1999), it stated that the perfectionist effect exists when consumers purchase luxury items and expects superior products and performance as well as quality. People who represent the perfectionist effect are those ââ¬Å"who are assessed to personal values and judge a product according to their value of a luxury brand productâ⬠(Srichan Sriviroj, 2007; Luong Thi Bich Thuy, 2008) such as comfort and speed for luxury car or accuracy of the luxury watch. Even previous researches showed that conspicuous vale is more important effect and evident with consumers who perceive price is the most important factor. However, there were researchers stated that quality value is also important such as Jacoby and Olson (1983). In conclusion, perceived quality value were found important to study and can be use to identify the luxury consumption. 2.5 Brand Image Brand is a name, term, design, symbol, or any other feature that identifies one sellers good or service as distinct from those of other sellers (www.marketingpower.com; Iyiade Adedamola Taofik, 2009; Suvarnasuddhi, 2007). In the research of Korchia (1999), ââ¬Å"image creates value in a variety of ways, helping consumers to process information, differentiating the brand, generating reasons to buy, giving positive feelings, and providing a basis for extensionsâ⬠. Cheng (2006) stated that brand is important because the consumers perception of a product can be affected by the added value of a brand. ââ¬Å"Brands signal to consumers the quality of a product, the image that it is meant to convey, as well as representing particular current garment styles and trends in a fashion contextâ⬠(Keller, 1993; Guy W.Mullarkey, 2001). Brand image can be defines as ââ¬Å"perceptions about a brand as reflected by the brand associations held in consumer memoryâ⬠(Keller, 1993; Cheng, 2006; Rio, Varques, Iglesias, 2001). Many researchers have been agreed the important of brand image. Brand image is pivotal because it influences purchase intention and consumers preference as well as they are willing to recommend to others and willing to pay higher price (Forsythe, Kwon, P.Leone, Shannon, 2008; Aiello, Donvito, Godey, Pederzoli, Wiedmann, Hennigs, Siebels) ââ¬Å"To succeed in the changing marketplace, a designer brand needs to sell its core brand values; the ââ¬Å"imageâ⬠reflected in the design and the lifestyle it represents is what consumers pay a premium to buy intoâ⬠remarked byKaren Watson, Chief Communications Officer, The Nielsen Company. Consumers able to difference the product differentiation, decrease the purchase risks, obtain several experience and recognize the product and its quality through brand image (Lin and Lin, 2007). ââ¬Å"The personal identification function is related to the fact that consumers can identify themselves with some brands and develop feelings of affinity towards themâ⬠(Rio, Varques, Iglesias, 2001). It refers to correspondence between consumers behaviour, self image and image of the product. Through the image of the products the consumers buy and use, his or her self image can be improve based on the theory. It also can be inferred that ââ¬Å"individuals prefer brands that have images compatible with their perceptions of selfâ⬠(Chiu, Lin, Chiu, Chang). In addition, a positive brand image able to lower the products purchase risks and increase the positive feedback from consumers. ââ¬Å"Consumers are more likely to purchase well known brand products with positive brand image a s a way to lower purchase risksâ⬠(Akaah and Korgaonkar, 1988; Aiello, Donvito, Godey, Pederzoli, Wiedmann, Hennigs, Siebels). Hence, consumers feel it is less risky by purchasing branded products. ââ¬Å"The country of origin of a brand is also an influential factor for consumers choosing a product in both Asia and in Western countriesâ⬠(Pervin). There are many researches suggested the country of origin influence on consumer perception and behaviour through the image of the products country of origin (Phau and Leng, 2008; Forsythe, Kwon, P.Leone, Shannon, 2008; Aiello, Donvito, Godey, Pederzoli, Wiedmann, Hennigs, Siebels). It creates positive brand image to increase the possibility for the products to be chosen and also raise the inferior image of the country of origin (Thakor and Katsanis; 1997 Lin and Lin, 2007). According to Grewal, Krishnan, Baker, and Borin (1998), the better a brand image is, the more recognition consumers give to its product quality. caitlinbennett32http://www.blogger.com/profile/04223997900004155790noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1186387139535661027.post-25184366496100209502020-01-19T10:02:00.001-08:002020-01-19T10:02:04.597-08:00Periodic Table and Sodium EssaySodium, one of many elements in the periodic table is being used in everyday life, it is also an essential element within your body. It is just another element, but one of the differences is that this element is something that most people consume every day. Sodium has played an important role in everyday life because of its uses in medicine, industry, and agriculture(Shriver). Sodium was discovered in 1807 by a man named Sir Humphrey Davy. He was well known for his discoveries of most alkali metals and Alkaline Earth Metals, such as potassium, magnesium, and many more(Chemicool Periodic Table). Sodium is from the alkali metal family. There are five more chemical elements from the same exact family. The period number of sodium is three. Na is the chemical symbol of sodium on the periodic table. Na is the symbol because it comes from the Latin word ââ¬Å"Natriumâ⬠, which means sodium (Periodic). Itââ¬â¢s atomic number is eleven and it has the atomic mass of 22. 98977, which makes it the fifth largest in its family(Web Elements). Each and every element has difference has a difference between each of them. When Sodium is not exposed to air it is silvery- white in color and is bright and shiny. When it is kept in open air, it becomes dull and gray because of the reaction with the oxygen present in the atmosphere. At room temperature, sodium is found in the form of a solid which is very soft to touch. Due to its softness, you can easily cut it with a table knife(Mukherjee). Itââ¬â¢s melting point is 97. 72 degrees Celsius and 207. 9 degrees Fahrenheit. The freezing point is the same as the melting point but the boiling point is 883 degrees Celsius and 1621 degrees Fahrenheit(Web Elements). When a fresh piece of sodium comes in contact with air, it forms sodium oxide and this oxide forms a white coating and protects the metal from any other reaction. The reaction with sodium and water can be very dangerous. Reaction of sodium with water results in sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas. As heat is produced during this reaction, it is called exothermic reaction. This released heat often burns the hydrogen gas and as a result fire may break out. If large pieces of sodium are put into water it can lead to loud explosions(Mukherjee). Most elements are used in everyday life. They can be used in same ways and different ways. Sodium compounds have many uses in industry, medicine, agriculture, and photography. Manufactures use sodium borate in making ceramics, soaps , and many more. Sodium hydroxide is an important industrial alkali used in refining petroleum and many people take sodium bicarbonate to relieve an overly acid stomach Pure sodium mostly is used in industrial uses. Some is used to produce such metals as titanium and zirconium. One of main everyday uses of sodium that everyone knows about is salt. Forty percent of sodium is used to make salt and most likely people consume salt every day(Shriver). Sodium is the fourth most abundant element and it makes up almost 2. 6% of the Earthââ¬â¢s crust. Another fact is that sodium is highly reactive , which makes the storage of the element a very hard task. The best way to store it is by putting it into liquid hydrocarbons. Sodium is also very important to the body because it helps regulate blood pressure, muscle relaxation, fluid balance in the body, and much more(Periodic Table). This element is incorporated in the project by the using table salt. The table salt represents the element sodium and it will be hit by a marble which will tilt the salt to pour onto the fries. This element was chosen because it is very commonly used in everyday life, it would be very easily incorporated in the project, it was a very interesting element, and while it is very easy to incorporate in the project it also seems very challenging. In conclusion, Sodium is highly used in everyday life. It can be used in medicine, food, and more(Shriver). It has many interesting facts that many people probably do not know, but should know. There are about 115 elements in the periodic table and sodium is just one of those elements(Chemicool Periodic Table) caitlinbennett32http://www.blogger.com/profile/04223997900004155790noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1186387139535661027.post-23731167989772371352020-01-11T06:26:00.001-08:002020-01-11T06:26:03.495-08:00Globalization and Cultural Homogenization EssayThe rapid development of economic globalization and cultural globalization enhances cultural transaction between different countries. Even though in this process culture between different countries still has its own characteristic on the whole, the cultural homogenization has been presented in social life, especially in the media industry. This essay will discuss the definition of globalization and cultural homogenization, and the popularity of Hollywood movies in China, the phenomenon of convergence of TV programmers between different countries and Japanese anime elements in video games around the world will be given as examples to demonstrate the homogenization of media culture. Culture includes many aspects in peopleââ¬â¢s daily life such as the economic, politics, media. According to Appadurai (1990), ââ¬Å"The key problem in the global interactions today is the tension between cultural homogenization and cultural heterogenizationâ⬠. The cultural homogenization is the process that local cultures are changed or assimilated by the dominant outside culture (Oââ¬â¢Connor, 2006). Globalization has its natural barriers like the differences in languages, geographical factors, religious and ethnics. These differences between countries could undermine the cultural homogenization. Take the political system as an example. Today there are different political system in different countries like the socialism in China and the capitalism in western counties like America and Australia. However the influence of globalization for the media cultural homogenization has been widely presented in peopleââ¬â¢s daily life. Under the background of globalization, the media culture makes the meaning of the globalization equal to the cultural homogenization. In the process of economic globalization, neoliberal ideology had spread. Neoliberalism advocates that business dominate the social affairs to make the national and international policies have a new order and the market can solve social problems by itself (McChesney, 2001). As a consequence, the power of political constraint on economic activities and global trade barrier has strongly weakened. It is good for the world famous media firms to expand their markets in different countries to extract profit. For instance, Hollywood occupied most of the worldââ¬â¢s media market. It becomes a main medium by which people in different countries to understand American fashions, customs, scenery and the way of life (Hoynes & Croteau & Milan, 2011). According to Su (2010), between 1994-2007, China began to import 10 to 20 foreign films every year. Most of them were Hollywood movies. These Hollywood blockbusters caused unprecedented repercussion among the Chinese audience because these blockbusters could fit their aesthetic and entertaining need. At the end of 20th century, Hollywood films had occupied 70% of Chinese film market, but the nearly 100 films made in domestic just share 30% of the film market (Rosen 2002). With the rapid development of scientific technology, IMAX and 3D technology has been used in the film industry. The technologies further promote the Americanization in the world film field. The movies like Avatar and Titanic are examples of this. Hollywood movies created visual miracle and achieve large box-office profits one after another in China, even around the world. In order to have more market share, Chinese film producer also focus on importing American advanced film technology or the cooperating with the American film making companies. Recently year, China also has its own outstanding films like Tangshan Earthquake, but some Chinese audience felt it likes a Hollywood blockbuster because of American visual effect technology in the film. In the process of economical and cultural globalization, neoliberalism has been widely spread. The Hollywood has seized this opportunity and occupied large scale of world film market. So Americanization is a reflection of media cultural homogenization in the process of globalization. However, the media cultural homogenization not only in the Americanization of the film industry, but also appear in some TV programs. According to McChesney (2001), The rapid development of information technology further accelerates the process of globalization. It is easier for people to get media sources from different countries online for entertainment. From the page design to the organization of the content and the various functions of scheduling, the designing of many website have a high degree of consistency. People prefer to watch high clicking rate programs in Internet. National TV station also promotes to make the popular TV shows in order to improve the audience rating. In the process of TV program making, cultural and art workersââ¬â¢ copy or clone becomes a safe and efficient way in media. As a consequence, globalization makes media cultural homogenization a general form in media programs. For instance, the most influential media cultural phenomenon in 2012 is ââ¬Å"The Voiceâ⬠- a singing competition show began in the Netherlands to choose good singers from the public. Audiences were attracted by its novel and exciting competition mode. It had high click rating in the YouTube and achieved a great success in the world wide media industry. TV stations in different countries like Chine, Australia, and U.à S. also hold the same singing competition. ââ¬Å"The Voiceâ⬠has already become a media brand. Although the influence of this program in different countries are not the same, but the forms them themselves have strong homogeneous performance, the entire process of the programs from the beginning of the match to the final results are the same form which are borrowed from the western countries. The globalization also promotes the specific media firms became concentrated. In order to reduce risk and improve the profit-making chance, the convergence and consolidation became more frequently (March & Olsen, 1989). In this process, seven media corporations dominated the world media market those are Disney, AOL-Times Warner, Sony, Viacom, Vivendi, and Bertelsmann (McChesney,2001). Some media corporations put the popular cultural elements in their own production and released in the world media market. This can also lead to the media cultural homogenization. Take Japanese anime as an example. Because of its exciting story and exquisite character, it has large amounts of fans around the world. Sony is one of the seven major firms in the world media market. It is famous for its video games. According to Sinclair (2006), the releasing of the third generation of PlayStation brought Sony to the first place in video game industry. One of the unique features in its video products was the combination of anime features with their own video game product. Anime fans around the world also fund of the animation processing games. That directly leads to the animate of games from different video game corporations such as the Xbox in Software, the Wii and NDS in Nintendo. In order to satisfy the visual need for the Chinese game player,some Chinese on-line game producers also put anime elements in their games. Globalization leads to the media market dominated by particular corporations. Because of their media products have the same contents, the world media culture also presents the trend of homogenization. In all, cultural diversity still exist between different cultures, the concept of globalization could not be totally equal to the cultural homogenization and cultural diversity still exist between different cultures. However in the media industry, globalization can be seen as the equal form as cultural homogenization. By giving clear definitions of the two parts, and use the popularity of Hollywood in China, popular TV programs and Japanese anime elements in video games as examples to show that globalization is equal to media cultural homogenization. The trend of cultural homogenization is unavoidable especially in the media industry in the process of globalization. In the future, the world trade market is in a condition of full of challenge but also chance. All countries should mobilize various resources to develop public cultural, at the same time, people should follow the step of the times closely and understand and learn other countriesââ¬â¢ cultural essences in a rational and correct way. caitlinbennett32http://www.blogger.com/profile/04223997900004155790noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1186387139535661027.post-80292906893338535972020-01-03T02:50:00.001-08:002020-01-03T02:50:04.129-08:00Ethical Dilemmas Of Nursing Practice - 1763 Words In this paper I will explore an ethical dilemma that may arise within my nursing practice. I have presented a narrative, from the article ââ¬Å"A Dilemma in the Emergency Roomâ⬠, that portrays an ethical situation involving patient confidentiality. I will focus on Standard IV: Ethical Practice of the College of Registered Nurses of British (CRNBC) as well as the other (CRNBC) Standards of Practice to further evolve my understanding of the ethics involved within the professional practice of nursing. FROM 110? The Narrative ââ¬Å"Tessaâ⬠was working her job as a registered nurse in the emergency room. She found her career difficult at times, but that it had still always managed to free of moral distress. When ââ¬Å"Anaâ⬠was admitted to the emergency department it changed everything for Tessa. Ana was admitted for major bruising and a fracture to her arm. As Tessa reviewed the documented information on the incident, she discovered that the objective and subjective da ta showed contradictions. The subjective data indicated a fall, but the objective data that Tessa acquired, while assessing Ana, included injuries that would suggest they could be obtained from physical abuse. It was when Tessa and Ana had privacy that Ana revealed to her that her husband had pushed her down the stairs. She stated that an argument had escalated due to the involvement of alcohol. Ana cried in Tessaââ¬â¢s arms for the fear of her children, and for the possibilityShow MoreRelatedEthical Legal Dilemma Advanced Practice Nursing Case Study II3315 Words à |à 14 Pages Ethical Legal Dilemma Advanced Practice Nursing Case Study II Norman Ginn Kaplan Ethical and Legal Perspectives MN 506 Tracy Towne Ethical Legal Dilemma Advanced Practice Nursing Case Study II Health insurance policies have set limits on what services will be paid for with a terminally ill person in the home and these limitations may conflict with the nurseââ¬â¢s obligation to provide care for the terminally ill patient (Fry, Veatch Taylor, 2011).à Speaking with the family of a 59 year oldRead MoreInternational Council Of Nurses Development Programme And The Future Orientated E Health Programme Essay1150 Words à |à 5 PagesIntroduction Tele-nursing is the practice that employs the use of technological advancements in conducting nursing practice and even providing nursing care services to the patients. 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Compassion, loyaltyRead MorePersonal Ethics856 Words à |à 4 Pages2013 NRS 437 Ethical Decision Making in Nursing Personal Ethics The American Nurses Association defines nursing as, ââ¬Å"protection, promotion, and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populationsâ⬠(American Nurses Association, 2004, p.7). My personal nursing philosophy stems from what I believe to be core-nursing characteristics. caitlinbennett32http://www.blogger.com/profile/04223997900004155790noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1186387139535661027.post-3843877559587562082019-12-25T23:17:00.001-08:002019-12-25T23:17:02.765-08:00The Effects of Word Choice on Percerptions of Mental Illness How does word choice affect a personââ¬â¢s perception of people who have a mental illness? If a person uses more politically correct language does that mean they are more understanding of people who have a mental illness or does it mean that people who use less politically correct language are more understanding of people with a mental illness. There have been plenty of studies carried out by researchers that have looked into word choice and its role on how it affects a personââ¬â¢s perception. For instance, in a study done by Angermeyer and Matschinger (2003) they conducted a survey that was done in Germany to see how word choice such, as labeling impacts a personââ¬â¢s perception of people who have schizophrenia either negatively or positively. They concluded in their hypothesis that it would negatively affect a personââ¬â¢s perception of people who have schizophrenia. In their study they had 5,025 participants who were eighteen years of age or older, were living in Ge rmany, and had citizenship in Germany. They concluded from their results that labeling does indeed negatively affect a personââ¬â¢s perception of people who have schizophrenia. Another study by Angermeyer, Buyantugs, Kenzine, and Matschinger (2004) replicated a study conducted in Germany that found labeling mental illness negatively impacted peopleââ¬â¢s perception of people with schizophrenia. The researchers decided to instead replicate the study in Novosibirsk which is located in Russia and Ulaanbaatar which is located in caitlinbennett32http://www.blogger.com/profile/04223997900004155790noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1186387139535661027.post-78964760502891883922019-12-17T19:05:00.001-08:002019-12-17T19:05:02.586-08:00Doctor - Patient Relationship - 1208 Words ------------------------------------------------- Doctorââ¬âpatient relationship The doctorââ¬âpatient relationship is central to the practice of healthcare and is essential for the delivery of high-quality health care in the diagnosis and treatment of disease. The doctorââ¬âpatient relationship forms one of the foundations of contemporary medical ethics. Most universities teach students from the beginning, even before they set foot in hospitals, to maintain a professional rapport with patients, uphold patientsââ¬â¢ dignity, and respect their privacy. ------------------------------------------------- Importance A patient must have confidence in the competence of their physician and must feel that they can confide in him or her. For mostâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦There are ethical concerns regarding the use of placebo and whether or not giving a placebo leads to an undermining of trust between doctor and patient and whether deceiving a patient for their own good is compatible with a respectful and consent-based doctor-patient relationship.[3] Formal or casual There may be differences in opinion between the doctor and patient in how formal or casual the doctor-patient relationship should be. For instance, according to a Scottish study,[4] patients want to be addressed by their first name more often than is currently the case. In this study, most of the patients either liked (223) or did not mind (175) being called by their first names. Only 77 disliked it, most of whom were aged over 65.[4] On the other hand, most patients don t want to call the doctor by his or her first name.[4] Some familiarity with the doctor generally makes it easier for patients to talk about intimate issues such as sexual subjects, but for some patients, a very high degree of familiarity may make the patient reluctant to reveal such intimate issues.[5] Transitional care Transitions of patients between health care practitioners may decrease the quality of care in the time it takes to reestablish proper doctor-patient relationships. Generally, the doctor-patient relationship is facilitated by continuity of care in regard toShow MoreRelatedEvaluation Of The Doctor Patient Relationship949 Words à |à 4 PagesA patient entrusts a level of responsibility to his or her primary doctor when seeking treatment. In order for the doctor to diagnose and treat any ailments he discovers, a voluntary power dynamic must be formed between the doctor and the patient. Through this power contract, the patient consents to any prescriptions, treatments, or diagnostic procedures that the doctor orders, and in return the primary physician is expected to give the optimal level of care. An analysis of the doctor-patient relationshipRead MoreThe Doctor Patient Relationship Is Built On Trust988 Words à |à 4 PagesThe Doctor-Patient relationship is built on trust. Trust that patientsââ¬â¢ will provide truthful information to enable Doctorsââ¬â¢ to reach an accurate diagnosis and that in turn, Doctorsââ¬â¢ will be truthful when relaying information about diagnosis and treatment. Any breech in this trust undermines this relationship and can cause harm to patients for example by making them unwilling to seek help in the future. The GP in case above acted dishonestly because he believed it was in Elizaââ¬â¢s best interest. TheRead MoreMedical Ethics Of The Doctor Patient Relationship1562 Words à |à 7 Pagesidea in medical ethics: patients possess a certain level of autonomy in the doctor-patient relationship, and this autonomy needs to be respected by medical professionals. Ethically-speaking, physicians owe their patients full disclosure about their diagnoses, treatment options, and any potential medical risks. Patients have the inherent right to know all aspects of their illness or malady, and it is not up to physicians to decide which inf ormation should be withheld from patients. Withholding informationRead MorePatch Adams : A Doctor Patient Relationship1621 Words à |à 7 Pageshe strives to finish medical school to become a doctor. Patch discovers the importance of a doctor-patient relationship, and how connecting with patients can improve their quality of life. Patch sees the difference in patients when they are treated as human beings versus an animal who they are going to be cutting open. Patch, receives controversy about paying attention to the emotional state of the patients and forming a doctor-patient relationship rather than focusing all of his attention on practicingRead MoreEvolution Of The Doctor Patient Relationship Into Modern Times1243 Words à |à 5 PagesTHE EVOLUTION OF THE DOCTOR PATIENT RELATIONSHIP INTO MODERN TIMES With the onset of current technological innovations as well as new modern developments in the health care world, the traditional relationship doctors once had with their patients has evolved dramatically. Instead of strictly focusing on the well-being of their patients, doctors now more than ever have additional roles in the health care world, from advancing patient care outside of the hospital, to becoming more informed of the forRead MoreThe Relationship between Doctor and Patient Should be Platonic1134 Words à |à 5 Pagesmore than ââ¬Å"friendlyâ⬠with their patients as unethical as this may seem it happens almost. The relationship between a patient and a doctor should be extremely platonic; doctors should always know his or her boundaries, display a level of professionalism, and show as much humility in their job as possible. Physicians should always know their boundaries when it comes to patients. The Committee on Physician Health and Rehabilitation wrote that ââ¬Å"Social contacts with patients may blur the professional boundaryRead MoreThe Doctor Patient Relationship Is The Principle Of Mutual Respect And Trust Between The Two Parties Involved1470 Words à |à 6 PagesThe doctor-patient relationship is of a fiduciary nature, which is rooted in the basic principles of mutual respect and trust between the two parties involved. As a future physician, it is of utmost importance that all interactions with a patient are conducted in such a manner that his or her best interests are taken into consideration and sense of dignity is maintained, at all times. Though these professional tenets may appear obvious, they are sometimes not demonstrated in practice when one isRead MoreHealth Care Reform : The And Policies Implemented By Private Insurance Companies Have Affected The Doctor Patient Relationship882 Word s à |à 4 Pagesconsider is how health care reform such as the PPACA and policies implemented by private insurance companies have affected the doctor-patient relationship and thereby influenced the quality of medical care. One of the many reasons that I find this an interesting and important topic is because I aspire to become a general surgeon and the interaction between patients and doctors is important for me to consider and determine how it has changed throughout the years as a result of added regulations and newRead MoreThe Doctor-Patient Relationship Essay1490 Words à |à 6 Pages The doctor-patient relationship is one of many debates and change over the years. The reason it is so debatable, is that many people have different views on what this actual relationship should be, and how certain situations may cause questions in this relationship. Such questions could be, do I really want my doctor to make decisions for me, or I know my body the best, why should I not be able to make these decisions on my own, maybe a mixture of both. Either way this subject can be debatableRead MoreThe Paternalistic Doctor Patient Relationship799 Words à |à 4 PagesIt is difficult to imagine a time when exploitation of patients was a normal practice. It is worse that such a time was not all that long ago. While reading the story of Henrietta Lacks, I consistently had to remind myself that times were different. Doctors did not necessarily intend to harm their patients in any way, however it is impossible not to feel pity for Henrietta, her family, and any others who were mi streated simply due to the ignorance of the times. One of the noticeable recurrent caitlinbennett32http://www.blogger.com/profile/04223997900004155790noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1186387139535661027.post-32818106486612887242019-12-09T15:47:00.001-08:002019-12-09T15:47:03.783-08:00Anti Anti-romantic Petruchio Essay Courtly love came from the French lamour courtois when a knight would treat his girlfriend with the same respect as his liege lord, she was in control of the relationship and the knights love for the lady inspires him to do great deeds so he was worthy of his love; in short the man was very chivalrous towards his significant other. This is the polar opposite to the way the anti-romantic Petruchio treats Katherina and defy literary tradition; however there is evidence of courtly love in The Taming of the Shrew between Lucentio and Bianca whose love appears real. Petruchio, the master of manipulation, and Katherina have a long conversation where Petruchios main objective is to woo Katherina; he has many ways of doing this which includes being incredibly polite to her, flooding her with compliments and flattery such as thy virtues spoke of and thy beauty sounded and the fair and virtuous, all these things are very unlike him and is dramatic irony, you could even say that it was another use of disguise. He uses flattery as a weapon to silence her as when he is talking to her she hardly says anything. Petruchio manipulates and keeps repeating her name in different puns to try and woo her but also to show his authority; he refers to her as a dainty and a Kate which were both sweets in the Elizabethan times; which firstly implies that he thinks she is sweet this is ironic as the audience thinks she is far from sweet, but also objectifies her. The Federalist knew that many members of Congress and the state governments were against the new Constitution, largely because it reduced their powers. So the federalist decided not to ask the Congress or state governments to approve the Constitution, even though they were expected to do so. Today, now that the Constitution has worked successfully for 200 years, it would be easy to ignore the anti-federalist of 1787 and 1788 as an unimportant historical force, a collection of no constructive reactionaries and cranks. Actually, the anti-federalist may well have represented the views of the majority of the Americans, whose reasons for preferring the old Articles of Confederation were firmly within the democratic tradition. Among the anti-federalist were fiery old patriot leaders who feared that centralized power was an invitation to tyranny. Among those who preferred the Articles was Samuel Adamsstill padding like an old cat around the streets of Boston on the lookout for threats to liberty, still dressing in the fashions of 1776? Adams opposed the new government until Massachusetts Federalist, needing his support, agreed to press for a national bill of rights. In Virginia, none other than Patrick Henry battled James Madison around the state. Some of Henrys arguments against the Constitution were foolish. At one point he concluded that the Constitution was an invitation to the pope to set up his court in the U.S. But Henry and other Anti-federalist also argued that free republican institutions could survive only in small countries such as Switzerland and ancient Greece, and they had the weight of historical evidence on their side. When Rome, the greatest republic of them all, grew large, it became despotic. Would the same thing happen to Rhode Island and Virginia and Georgia and other small independent states when they were subsumed into a centralized U.S.?Answering this objection to the Constitution was the Federalists most difficult task. Madison, Hamilton, and John Jay of New York took it upon themselves to do so in 85 essays under the name The Federalist Papers still a basic textbook of political philosophy. they argued that a powerful U.S. would also guarantee liberty. these ingenious essays, however, were less important to the triumph of the Federalist than their agreement to add a bill of rights to their Constitution. caitlinbennett32http://www.blogger.com/profile/04223997900004155790noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1186387139535661027.post-27831752380309608632019-12-02T03:30:00.001-08:002019-12-02T03:30:03.570-08:00What Beauty Means to Me Essay ExampleWhat Beauty Means to Me Essay People today base too much emphasis on looks. If someone doesnââ¬â¢t fit the criteria for what we believe should be the ââ¬Å"perfectâ⬠man or woman then they are not fully accepted. Appearances can very easily help someone get a job, out of a ticket, special treatment at restaurants, and many more things. A lot of people have mistaken beauty for what is accepted by the ââ¬Å"celebrityâ⬠world. For many women what society sees as acceptable and pleasing influences their everyday lives. So many women result to changing how they look through surgery and other procedures. If our society as a whole could change how they view woman and what is socially acceptable I think many woman would be healthier, happier, and overall better. Our media for the most part has an extreme affect on how women look at themselves. In magazines, television, and books there is always the images or words referring to the ââ¬Å"perfectâ⬠woman. The ââ¬Å"perfectâ⬠woman in todayââ¬â¢s society is thin and has no flaws; she probably has a plastic, Barbie doll face, and the perfect measurements. It seems that if you donââ¬â¢t fit these criteria you arenââ¬â¢t as easily accepted as someone who does. When it comes to a new job, a woman may be rejected because of a ââ¬Å"betterâ⬠looking woman who may not even have the qualifications as the other woman. Personally, I have seen this first-hand. My current workplace is searching for a new manager. They refuse to hire a single man or even one who is very good-looking because they are afraid that they will mix business with pleasure. In the past they have had a couple different managers who have dated or had sexual contact with their employees. Once incident even included breaking up a marriage that brought some unnecessary negativity in the restaurant. So to avoid all of this they opted to hire a married man who has is not quite as attractive and seems to be very loyal to his wife, being married for twelve years. So many women today are changing how they look to more socially accepted. Bigger breasts, smaller noses, flatter stomachs, and many other things. Paglia states in her essay, ââ¬Å"Good surgery discovers and reveals personality; ad surgery obscures or distorts it. â⬠This has been proven to be very true. There are a few celebrities out there with good plastic surgery, for example, Ashlee Simpson. Simpson had a nose job which turned out to define her face better making her appear happier with herself. Then there is bad surgery, like Tara Reid, who had a bad breast augmentation leaving horrible scars and also having lumpy liposuction. For a woman, like Reid, in their early thirties, there is no reason to surgic ally change oneââ¬â¢s self so much. We will write a custom essay sample on What Beauty Means to Me specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on What Beauty Means to Me specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on What Beauty Means to Me specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer She did however make herself look worse trying to conform to societyââ¬â¢s preference. There is such a thing as good plastic surgery, but only to enhance what is already yours and brings out your personality, not make you someone completely different. If we, society as a whole, could grasp the concept that beauty is different for all women; it comes in every shape, form, and color. If more celebrities could make peace with themselves then maybe normal everyday women could learn to also respect who they are and love themselves for what they have been given. Not every woman can be a size four, large breasts, tall, tan, perfect face or whatever the case may be. Each woman should look at themselves and know they are beautiful, not what is beautiful to some individuals. Itââ¬â¢s so unhealthy to do such drastic things to their bodies, like repeatedly plastic surgery, yo-yo dieting, and trying ââ¬Å"newâ⬠things doctors come up. I think if the media could help us change then more woman could be happy with who they naturally are. caitlinbennett32http://www.blogger.com/profile/04223997900004155790noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1186387139535661027.post-75106724645669219962019-11-26T22:25:00.001-08:002019-11-26T22:25:10.581-08:00Musicals essaysMusicals essays Originally a distraction from the horrors of war during the 1940s and 1950s, the American Musical grew in popularity throughout the 20th century. The musical combines acting, dancing, and singing to form cohesive pictures that are still treasured today. The musical requires a collaborative effort between all elements of the film, whether musical or not. The lyrics, music, and dance have to collate with the plot, effects, and characterization to make a movie worth watching. Stars of the American Musical must be able to act, sing, and often dance, in order to get a part in a movie. Musicals must always appeal to a range of people, from a 5-year-old to an 85-year-old, to guarantee viewers. The musical always has catchy upbeat songs or slow ballads that the listener can sing along to, which provides more mass appeal. Some of the more common themes in musical theater include nostalgia, the Cinderella story, realism, and adaptations of literature. The nostalgia theme is seen in Oklahoma!, Carousel, and Showboat. The Cinderella story is represented by The King and I, The Sound of Music, and My Fair Lady. Realism can be seen in Annie Get Your Gun, The Unsinkable Molly Brown, and Newsies, which were all based on actual events from the past. Some musicals that are based on literature include The Phantom of the Opera, Jesus Christ Superstar, Jekyll The American Musical has gone through many changes since becoming a popular film genre. Early musicals were American versions of the English Operetta, such as The Student Prince. After this, genuine American Musicals were made, such as Annie Get Your Gun and Porgy and Bess. Then came realistic musicals such as South Pacific and Camelot, which were musicals with themes that most people could relate to because they were more believable, or actually true stories. Soon, even newer approaches to the American Musical were developed ... caitlinbennett32http://www.blogger.com/profile/04223997900004155790noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1186387139535661027.post-6820110722676692002019-11-23T05:59:00.001-08:002019-11-23T05:59:04.140-08:00About the Civil Rights Cases of 1883About the Civil Rights Cases of 1883 à In the Civil Rights Cases of 1883, the United States Supreme Court ruled that the Civil Rights Act of 1875, which had prohibited racial discrimination in hotels, trains, and other public places, was unconstitutional. In an 8-1 decision, the court ruled that the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments to the Constitution did not give Congress the power to regulate the affairs of private individuals and businesses. Background During the post-Civil War Reconstruction Period between 1866 and 1875, Congress passed several civil rights laws intended to implement the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments. The last and most aggressive of these laws, the Civil Rights Act of 1875, imposed criminal penalties against the owners of private businesses or modes of transportation that restricted access to their facilities because of race. The law read, in part:à ââ¬Å"â⬠¦ all persons within the jurisdiction of the United States shall be entitled to the full and equal enjoyment of the accommodations, advantages, facilities, and privileges of inns, public conveyances on land or water, theaters, and other places of public amusement; subject only to the conditions and limitations established by law, and applicable alike to citizens of every race and color, regardless of any previous condition of servitude.â⬠Many people in both the South and the North objected to the Civil Rights Act of 1875, arguing that the law unfairly infringed on personal freedom of choice. Indeed, the legislatures of some Southern states had already enacted laws allowing separate public facilities for whites and African Americans. Details of the Civil Rights Cases of 1883 In the Civil Rights Cases of 1883, the Supreme Court took the rare route of deciding five separate but closely related cases with one unified ruling. The five cases (United States v. Stanley, United States v. Ryan, United States v. Nichols, United States v. Singleton, and Robinson v. Memphis Charleston Railroad) reached the Supreme Court on appeal from the lower federal courts and involved suits filed by African American citizens claiming they had been illegally been refused equal access to restaurants, hotels, theaters, and trains as required by the Civil Rights Act of 1875. During this time, many businesses had attempted to skirt the letter of the Civil Rights Act of 1875 by allowing African Americans to use their facilities, but forcing them to occupy separate ââ¬Å"Colored Onlyâ⬠areas. Constitutional Questions The Supreme Court was asked to decide the constitutionality of the Civil Rights Act of 1875 in light of the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment. Specifically, the court considered: Did the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment apply to the day-to-day operations of privately-owned businesses?What specific protections did the 13th and 14th amendments provide for private citizens?Did the 14th Amendment, which prohibits state governments from practicing racial discrimination, also ban private individuals from discriminating under their right to ââ¬Å"freedom of choice?â⬠In other words, was ââ¬Å"private racial segregation,â⬠like designating ââ¬Å"Coloreds Onlyâ⬠and ââ¬Å"Whites Onlyâ⬠areas legal? The Arguments Presented to the Court Over the course of the case, the Supreme Court heard arguments for and against allowing private racial segregation and, thus, the constitutionality of the Civil Rights Act of 1875. à Ban Private Racial Segregation: Because the intent of the 13th and 14th Amendments had been to ââ¬Å"remove the last vestiges of slaveryâ⬠from America, the Civil Rights Act of 1875 was constitutional. By sanctioning practices of private racial discrimination, the Supreme Court would ââ¬Å"permit the badges and incidents of slaveryâ⬠to remain a part of Americansââ¬â¢ lives. The Constitution grants the federal government the power to prevent state governments from taking actions that deprive any U.S. citizen of his or her civil rights. Allow Private Racial Segregation: The 14th Amendment banned only the state governments from practicing racial discrimination, not private citizens. The 14th Amendment specifically declares, in part, ââ¬Å"â⬠¦ nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.â⬠Enacted and enforced by the federal, rather than the state governments. The Civil Rights Act of 1875 unconstitutionally infringed on the rights of private citizens to use and operate their property and businesses as they saw fit.à The Courtââ¬â¢s Decision and Reasoning In an 8-1 opinion written by Justice Joseph P. Bradley, the Supreme Court found the Civil Rights Act of 1875 to be unconstitutional. Justice Bradley declared that neither the 13th nor the 14th Amendment granted Congress the power to enact laws dealing with racial discrimination by private citizens or businesses. Of the 13th Amendment, Bradley wrote, ââ¬Å"The 13th Amendment has respect, not to distinctions of race â⬠¦ but to slavery.â⬠Bradley added, ââ¬Å"The 13th Amendment relates to slavery and involuntary servitude (which it abolishes); ... yet such legislative power extends only to the subject of slavery and its incidents; and the denial of equal accommodations in inns, public conveyances and places of public amusement (which is forbidden by the sections in question), imposes no badge of slavery or involuntary servitude upon the party, but at most, infringes rights which are protected from State aggression by the 14th Amendment.â⬠Justice Bradley went on to agree with the argument that the 14th Amendment applied only to the states, not to private citizens or businesses. ââ¬Å"The 14th Amendment is prohibitory upon the States only, and the legislation authorized to be adopted by Congress for enforcing it is not direct legislation on the matters respecting which the States are prohibited from making or enforcing certain laws, or doing certain acts, but it is corrective legislation, such as may be necessary or proper for counteracting and redressing the effect of such laws or acts,â⬠he wrote. The Lone Dissent of Justice Harlan Justice John Marshall Harlan wrote the only dissenting opinion in the Civil Rights Cases. Harlanââ¬â¢s belief that the majorityââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"narrow and artificialâ⬠interpretation 13th and 14th Amendments led him to write, ââ¬Å"I cannot resist the conclusion that the substance and spirit of the recent amendments of the Constitution have been sacrificed by a subtle and ingenious verbal criticism.â⬠Harlan wrote that the 13th Amendment did far more than ââ¬Å"to prohibit slavery as an institution,â⬠it also ââ¬Å"established and decreed universal civil freedom throughout the United States.â⬠In addition, noted Harlan, Section II of the 13th Amendment decreed that ââ¬Å"Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation,â⬠and had thus been the basis for theà enactment of the Civil Rights Act of 1866, which granted full citizenship to all persons born in the United States. Basically, Harlan contended that the 13th and 14th Amendments, as well as the Civil Rights Act of 1875, were constitutional acts of Congress intended to ensure African Americans the same rights to access and use of public facilities that white citizens took for granted as their natural right. In summary, Harlan stated that the federal government had both the authority and the responsibility to protect citizens from any actions that deprive them of their rights and to allow private racial discrimination would ââ¬Å"permit the badges and incidents of slaveryâ⬠to remain. Impact of the Civil Rights Cases Decision The Supreme Courtââ¬â¢s decision in the Civil Rights Cases virtually stripped the federal government of any power to ensure African Americans equal protection under the law. As Justice Harlan had predicted in his dissent, freed of the threat of federal restrictions, Southern states began enacting laws sanctioning racial segregation. In 1896, the Supreme Court cited its Civil Rights Cases ruling in its landmark Plessy v. Ferguson decision declaring that requiring separate facilities for blacks and whites was constitutional as long as those facilities were ââ¬Å"equalâ⬠and that racial segregation itself did not amount to unlawful discrimination. So-called ââ¬Å"separate but equalâ⬠segregated facilities, including schools, would persist for over 80 years until the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s swayed public opinion to oppose racial discrimination. Eventually, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Civil Rights Act of 1968, enacted as part of the Great Society program of President Lyndon B. Johnson, incorporated several key elements of the Civil Rights Act of 1875. caitlinbennett32http://www.blogger.com/profile/04223997900004155790noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1186387139535661027.post-23820893485779942602019-11-21T04:20:00.001-08:002019-11-21T04:20:16.534-08:00Consumer protection in QATAR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 wordsConsumer protection in QATAR - Essay Example This is because these individuals cannot protect themselves. The laws protect consumer rights since they are government regulations (Howells and Stephen 86). Consumer protection is usually linked to ideas concerning consumer rights as well as other consumer organizations that assist consumers to make good choices while in the market place and also helps them in accordance to their complaints. A consumer is a person who buys services and goods for direct ownership or use. The intentions of a consumer are, usually, not to use the goods and services for manufacturing and production. Also, the consumer does not resale the goods. There are other organizations which also support consumer protection. They include self-regulating business organizations and government organizations (American Bar Association 138). Examples of self-regulating business organizations include ombudsmen, Federal Trade Commission, consumer protection organizations and agencies and Better Business Bureaus. Consumer protection leads to the development of a fair trading in the marketplace. Additionally, the laws protect the on-going businesses as well as the specific rights of consumers. These laws are also responsible for licensing, selling, buying and renting homes. They are, however, not involved in the profit legislation. The laws ensure that all products sold to consumers have the standard mark of quality (Jackson and Alison 219). The reason for insisting on high standard goods is to reduce the risk of consumers getting negative health effects from the goods and services. In order to be subjected to the mandatory standards, the product must meet the required degree of safety criteria. In case the products fail to meet the specified safety criteria, they are banned from sale. Consumer protection gives buyers the right to a refund in case an unsafe product is sold to them. The laws also issue a safety warning to the public to warn them about services and goods that pose safety risks to the caitlinbennett32http://www.blogger.com/profile/04223997900004155790noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1186387139535661027.post-1704162988618082802019-11-19T19:13:00.001-08:002019-11-19T19:13:02.642-08:00Psychopharmacology, drugs and addiction-heroin EssayPsychopharmacology, drugs and addiction-heroin - Essay Example It is used both as a pain killer as well as a recreational drug. Some of its popular street names are ââ¬â junk, dope Jenny, brown, diesel, smack, gear, dragon, hammer and ice-cubes. Heroin is a whitish brown powder or sometimes a sticky black substance called ââ¬Å"black tar heroinâ⬠. It is usually injected, sniffed, snorted or smoked. An intravenous injection takes a very short time of 5 to 7 seconds for the drug to enter a personââ¬â¢s brain. It immediately metabolizes and gives the person a flush of ââ¬Å"euphoriaâ⬠(light headedness). The other methods take a longer time. Just like all other opiates, Heroin too is capable of creating high tolerance thresholds in the body. The great risk of heroin addiction is that the user can build a tolerance of the drug 3 to 4 times more than the lethal limit of a normal person. These high thresholds make heroin detoxification all the more painful and difficult for the heroin addict. Heroin withdrawal is not only painful but also frightening. The withdrawal phase lasts anywhere between 48 to 72 hours since the last dose of heroin intake. The withdrawal symptoms include ââ¬â dilated pupils, Muscle cramps, Nausea and vomiting, periodic chills, panic spells, goose bumps, diarrhea, malaise, fever and profuse sweating.. Addicts who have undergone these withdrawal symptoms describe their experience by saying ââ¬âââ¬Å"it was the worse case of the fluâ⬠they had ever had. An addict has alternate wakeful and drowsy spells with clouded mental functioning. An overdose may sometimes lead to death and using the needle used by an infected person could result in HIV/AIDS or Hepatitis. Death could also be the end result if the addict has a high tolerance of heroin withdrawal. Some addicts complain of a stressful condition called ââ¬Å"itchy bloodâ⬠which results in compulsive scratching causing bruises on the body. An overdose of heroin is usually counter acted caitlinbennett32http://www.blogger.com/profile/04223997900004155790noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1186387139535661027.post-11303426930346755032019-11-17T07:44:00.001-08:002019-11-17T07:44:02.949-08:00Discussing the character of Charles Darke Essay Example for Free Discussing the character of Charles Darke Essay Charles Darke is a character of huge importance in the novel because he embodies so many of the novels themes and is key to Stephens recovery after his loss of Kate and future journey. Events involving Charles Darke are not only significant to the plot but also teach the reader a lot about the movement of time and the confusion and issues surrounding childhood. The readers introduction to Darke shows him as a successful man in his publishing firm who has managed to acquire respect and power (New York and Frankfurt were on the line) however as the introduction continues the reader begins to see that under the surface he has a more childish side to him as he relishes receiving attention: making expansive remarks to a young writer was one of the more desirable perquisites to his profession. Even before his breakdown his youthful nature is evident for example choosing his political career is described as a parlour game. Darke is one of the characters that McEwan uses to present the major theme of childhood and adulthood, there is a constant conflict present within Darke of being a child and of being an adult. His successful political career shows that he must have debating skill and great intellect however at the same time his juvenile personality also breaks through. Having acted as a parental figure after the loss of Kate it is tragic that he should regress so rapidly away from reality. It is not only Darkes contrasting personality which warns the reader of what may occur later, he is obviously unsettled as shown by his rapid career moves and house move from Eaton Square to the countryside. Thelma also describes to Stephen how he lost his mother and had a cold upbringing with his father suggesting that Darke did not experience childhood at all. Charles Darke also jumped straight into being a successful and married businessman therefore missing out on important lessons that many adults learn through their mistakes. Just before the reader is introduced to Darke there is even a subtle echo of what will happen later as Stephen describes a picture: a grim-faced crow with a stethoscope round its neck taking the pulse of a pale young boy who appeared to have fallen out of a tree. Darke shows the reader a disquieting reaction to time because instead of moving forwards he moves backwards, the reader sees personal and sometimes eerie moments involving Darke, these help McEwan to show the reader what a precious state childhood is and how time cannot be manipulated. Darke also embodies the theme of politics. Not only does he move the political plot forward by getting Stephen onto the committee but he is also the reason that Stephen meets the Prime Minister. The novel was written during the Thatcherite era of the 80s and this is clearly reflected in the tone of the book and McEwans opposition to this right-wing rule. Stephen Lewis is cynical about the Conservative views that Darke has decided to take on and the short, abrupt syntax that McEwan uses emphasizes his suspicions of the government in power. It is a cruel irony that, like the Beggar Girl, Charles eventual death is a result of his political career and the harsh culture surrounding him. Different opinions can be taken on what Darkes specific role is within the novel. He clearly is important for McEwan to carve in the political aspect of the novel and McEwans own political views however his regression back into childhood carries a much more complicated message. The title of the book The Child in Time at first may seem to describe simply Stephens loss of Kate however one can go much deeper and find that perhaps what McEwan is trying to show the reader is Stephen and Darkes search for their own child in time. While Stephen searches constantly for the physical Kate he also looks for her in time through memories and visions of her growing up. Darkes search for the child in time is different, he has had no childhood of his own so he searches for it and eventually finds it by regressing into boyhood. On the surface McEwan presents this as a natural step but it is actually quite disturbing and this is shown by the smile on his face at death. The conflicts within Darke show the reader the bitter sweet nature of childhood, while Darke is happy and carefree he also believes himself invincible and this eventually causes his death. Charles Darke is also important for the readers understanding of Stephen Lewis. It is because of Darke that Stephen meets Thelma who is important as she looks after both of the characters and gives the reader another way to look at time. The reason that Thelma chooses Stephen as the one person who she allows to see Charles after his breakdown is because she knows that he will not judge or condemn and it is important for the reader to know this feature of his character. Stephen has experienced loss and thought endlessly about childhood and is therefore understanding about Darkes regression. The reader also learns about Stephen through the contrast of the characters. Darke becomes part of the right wing government while Stephen is saddened by the two tribes in the Supermarket. Stephen sees Charles Darkes death first hand and this may help him reach an understanding about his loss of Kate because he has to come face to face with the reality that she too maybe dead. The fact that Darke dies with a smile on his face may remind Stephen that if Kate is dead then she has at least died in a happy part of her life and has not yet lost her innocence. Darkes relationship with Thelma can also be contrasted with Stephens relationship with Julie. As the novel progresses Thelma becomes more and more of a mother figure to Darke and her older age implies that it has never been a marriage of passion and deep love but one of a mutual understanding, acceptance and care. In contrast to Darkes seemingly sexless marriage Julie and Stephen have a much more real and natural relationship where there high points and low points are kept private and by the end their genuine love for one another is clear. Darke offers McEwan the means to show the reader his themes of time, childhood and politics but he also has deeper significance. Darke shows the reader how childhood, or the lack of it, effects ones whole life and how reaching adulthood is a continuous process that may never end. The search for The Child in Time by Darke is an emotional and metaphorical journey that eventually liberates him from the stresses and pressures of his hectic work life even if it does ultimately cause his death. caitlinbennett32http://www.blogger.com/profile/04223997900004155790noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1186387139535661027.post-49680082219548817042019-11-14T20:15:00.001-08:002019-11-14T20:15:03.084-08:00Racial Struggle in America Essay -- Ethnicity Immigration PapersRacial Struggle in America Yes East and West and North and South, the Palm and the pine, the pole and the equator, the crescent and the cross - how the great Alchemist melts and fuses them with his purging flame! Here shall they all unite to build the Republic of Man and the Kingdom of God. (Rereading America 535) The myth of the melting pot, similarly to The American Dream [i] , brings a lot of immigrants to America hoping to find equality, freedom and opportunity. The promise of a new race in which individuals of all nations are melted into one, and whose labors would change the world, eludes people all over the globe. The drama of becoming an American requires that immigrants take on a new identity, because they want to become equally members of the community with all the rights, responsibilities, and opportunities that their fellow citizens have. The myth then falls flat on its face, because it lies when it says that all Americans are "created equal." The melting pot ideal has often masked the reality of racial supremacy, constantly reminding us of race [ii] when we feel our differences becoming signs of inferiority, and as inferiors we are treated as subhuman. Thomas Jefferson as third president of the United States (1801-1809) recommended that all emancipated slaves should be sent out of the state to form separate colonies, and to prevent racial conflict as well as intermarriage with whites. While he believed in the "Group Separatism" relation, which in "Models of American Ethnic Relations: A Historical Perspective" George M. Fredrickson explained as a self-governing community, President Ronald Regan declared himself "color blind" in matters of race. Neither a "group separatism," nor a "color-blind" socie... ...eading America. Eds. Gary Colombo, Robert Cullen, and Bonnie Lisle. Boston: Bedford/ St. Martins, 2001. 598-609. Cose, Ellis. "Can a New Race Surmount Old Prejudices?"Rereading America. Eds. Gary Colombo, Robert Cullen, and Bonnie Lisle. Boston: Bedford/ St. Martins, 2001. 635-646. Lindholm, William C. "Origins of the Old Order Amish." http://holycrosslivonia.org/amish/origin.htm [i]American Dream: the notion that anyone can succeed in America only through hard work. [ii]Race: population distinguished by genetic traits [iii] politics of identification: Henry Louis Gates Jr.ââ¬â¢s term to define our capacity to identify with others regardless of their differences. "A Liberalism of Heart and Spine" [iv] model minority: Asian Americans were used as model minorities to other minorities to claim that the American Dream is alive. caitlinbennett32http://www.blogger.com/profile/04223997900004155790noreply@blogger.com0